Tobacco Industry Analytic Free Essays

string(89) a possibility for local development openings and premium evaluating in the tobacco industry. The boundaries to section in the tobacco business are at first low and it is simple for little neighborhood and provincial organizations to go into the market, yet the hindrances to enter the market broadly are high. The economies at scale in assembling, dissemination expenses, and promoting at the national level make it extremely hard for new businesses to go into the national market. There are generous expenses in raising the capital expected to assemble fabricating offices that can mass-produce tobacco items at the national level. We will compose a custom paper test on Tobacco Industry Analytic or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Likewise, the expenses of bundling merchandise, for example, cigarettes, at a mass level can produce significant expenses. Brand character can likewise represent a boundary to section for new participants. Publicizing limitations forced on electronic media by the U. S. government make it difficult for any new contestant to pick up brand mindfulness and furthermore make it hard for current top players in the market to build their image mindfulness. While numerous organizations once depended on brand motivating forces so as to expand client dedication, they consented to no longer utilize these motivators in the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) in 1998. Additionally with numerous previously settled brands, for example, Altria’s Marlboro Cigarettes brand as of now have an immense stake in the commercial center. They have produced a ton of brand steadfastness and mindfulness making it hard for another organization to create enough brand attention to enter the market. Providers In the tobacco business ranchers flexibly the tobacco to vendors and producers. A considerable lot of the tobacco ranchers in the U. S. are situated in the Southeastern states, for example, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Ranchers as a rule offer their tobacco at open sell-offs to the most noteworthy bidders. A government program that began with the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 once secured tobacco farmer’s costs. The tobacco cultivators were ensured least costs in return for constraining their creation through assignments and amounts. U. S. developed tobacco is commonly more costly than non-U. S. developed tobacco as a result of the U. S. governments value emotionally supportive network. At that point in 2004 the legislature took into account buyouts of the portions, hence disposing of the value emotionally supportive network. Be that as it may, in late news numerous tobacco ranchers are fighting for the whole buyout of their shares and hardware. They state that the U. S. tobacco developing industry is nearly vanishing and they accuse the high duties for cigarettes and modest tobacco imports. In this way delineating the ranchers have small dealing power because of the administration collaboration. Purchasers Buyers in the tobacco business are incredibly influenced by the economy and the degree of their discretionary cashflow. At whatever point a buyer’s extra cash decays, they are bound to buy less expensive brands of tobacco, and in the event that a buyer’s discretionary cashflow expands, at that point they are bound to purchase increasingly costly brands. Purchaser power was shown in 1993 at whatever point Phillip Morris USA Inc. cut their costs on driving brands, for example, Marlboro by 20% to raise a lot of the market, in this manner driving numerous other driving organizations to likewise lessen the costs of their famous brands. After numerous organizations brought down their costs, rebate cigarette brands saw a drop in their level of the market. Nonetheless, in 2003 premium cigarette brands raised costs, at that point permitting rebate cigarette brands to acquire an offer in the market, however the markdown brands share in the market has been declining from that point onward. Purchasers in the United States are currently progressively getting increasingly worried about medical problems. Purchaser wellbeing mindfulness has harmed the market for tobacco dealers and has additionally prompted the expansion for government guideline. Numerous organizations are presently going universal to concentrate on the expanding interest for tobacco items abroad. They are concentrating on creating nations where the populace is expanding a lot quicker than in the United States and a significant number of these nations have less government guideline, which can help with publicizing and costs. Nations that have less tax assessment on tobacco deals can prompt higher incomes and deals of tobacco items in light of the fact that the costs included are less. Industry Competitors/Intensity of Rivalry Within the tobacco business there are three principle contenders that control 90% of the local market. These three principle players are: Altria Group, Inc. (Locally known as Phillip Morris USA); Reynolds American; and Carolina Group. Phillip Morris USA, the United State’s biggest tobacco organization since 1983, controlled 50. 3% of the piece of the overall industry in the year 2006. Phillip Morris USA’s driving brand Marlboro had a 40. 5% portion of the market in 2006; subsequently, showing the significance of brand character in the tobacco business. Phillip Morris USA additionally offers various brands, for example, their top notch brands Virginia Slims and Parliament, while likewise focusing on the rebate showcase with its image Basic. The United States second biggest tobacco organization is Reynolds American, which offers premium brands, for example, Kool, Winston, Salem, and Camel; and two diverse rebate brands, Doral and Capri. Reynolds American controlled 29. % of the market in 2006 and is additionally the second biggest wet smokeless tobacco maker in the United States. The third biggest organization in the United State is Carolina Group with their superior menthol brand cigarette Newport that controlled 9. 7% of the market in 2006. For the cigarette business unit volumes have declined and the cost of cigarettes has increased,thus making higher net income for organizations. Numerous organizations are utilizing cost proficient procedures and are converging to help gain benefits in the business. For instance, R. J. Reynolds and Brown Williamson Tobacco consolidated and now have a higher portion of the market. Tobacco utilization declined a great deal from 1994 to 2004 and the decrease has begun to back off in the recent years, the development rate is still not what it used to be. [pic] Figure 1 : Market investors in 2006 Rivalry in the menthol division of the tobacco business has been a solid focal point of the main organizations as of late. Menthol cigarettes offer an opportunity for household development openings and premium valuing in the tobacco business. You read Tobacco Industry Analytic in class Papers Carolina Group controls this part with its driving image Newport, while Reynolds American offers two brands, Kool and Salem, which have been in the market for quite a while. With the potential development in the menthol division, the main tobacco organization Marlboro presented their menthol image with solid advancements to rival previously existing brands. Other potential zones of local development in the tobacco business incorporate stogies, which are on the ascent once more; and snuff or smokeless, which is one the ascent because of smoking limitations in broad daylight places. By utilizing the Porter’s Five Forces Framework I had the option to talk about the five essential serious powers inside the tobacco business. The degree of trouble for new contestants; the absence of dealing intensity of providers; the haggling intensity of purchasers between various brands; the elevated level of potential substitutes; and the opposition contention, just as residential development regions; were totally investigated inside the tobacco business utilizing the Porter’s Five Forces Framework. Prevailing powers, for example, government guideline and wellbeing mindfulness impact change in the tobacco business. The potential effect that proposals powers could play on the tobacco business could be cruel if organizations don’t modify and change with them. Qualities: Altria and R. J. Reynolds both showcase much quality inside the tobacco business. The two organizations show elevated levels of brand character and brand mindfulness with various notable brands. Altria has predominant control of the market with their broadened Marlboro brands of cigarettes that rule the market, contributing a 40. 5% share in the market. R. J. Reynolds likewise has some notable broadened brands, for example, Kool, Winston, Salem, and Camel that help to control 29. 8% of the market. The two organizations can utilize their solid image attention to manufacture client esteem with existing and new items. B oth organizations are lined up with their statements of purpose to accommodate their clients and keep up levels of duty and trustworthiness for their activities. Altria, for example offers a wide exhibit of data concerning medical problems, tobacco laws, cigarette fixings, and youth smoking avoidance on their site. While R. J. Reynolds offers data to general society on lawful and administrative issues, keeping up capable promoting, and furthermore medical problems identified with their items that buyers can access on their site. Additionally, the two organizations produce mass measures of tobacco items and so as to be the main two makers in the United State the two of them must have solid assembling foundations. Shortcomings: Both organizations face the shortcoming of offering risky items to purchasers. Tobacco items clearly include a lot of wellbeing dangers and customers have been made very much aware of the dangers engaged with tobacco use. The two organizations face obligation issues and suit for the offer of such a hazardous item, which can cost the organizations a ton of cash. These organizations must place a lot of focus on safeguarding themselves in various claims that come about as often as possible because of the wellbeing risk issues. Late cases including the â€Å"light† cigarettes have been brought against Altria, these cigarettes have lighter measures of nicotine and tar yet at the same time can be similarly as hurtful as normal cigarettes. Likewise a ton of fault for such high medicinal services costs in the United States is set

Ephedra (Ma Huang) :: Botany

Ephedra (Ma Huang) Ephedras species are an evergreen bush, local to North China and Inner Mongolia. It's yellow/green fanning bush developing to a normal of 20 inches (50cm) with long limited, rambling stems and little leaves, can be found in desert or bone-dry areas all through the world. Its shading can be green, dark, or red, contingent upon the species. The plant has little greenish yellow blossoms and modest hubs (joints) on the stalks (2). Ephedra is spread from seed or by root division in harvest time and requests all around depleted soil. It normally develops on dry, rough or sandy slants, and cherishes full sun. It develops gradually and is extremely testing to grow (1). General Information Ephedra (normal name) originates from the family Ephedraceae. It has a few logical names that rely on the plants establishing area; Ephedra major (American), Ephedra trifurca (American), Ephedra nevadensis (American) are found in North America; and Ephedra sinica (Chinese-Ma Huang) is found in Asia. Different assortments of Ephedra can be found in Europe, India, and Pakistan. Ephedra was at first found in a Neolithic grave in the Middle East. This proof may demonstrate that Ephedra was utilized as a medication over multi year prior. In China, Ephedra was the primary home grown solution for yield a functioning constituent, for this situation ephedrine. The primary confinement of ephedrine was in 1887, by a Japanese physicist, N. Nagai (2,5). People and Historic Traditions The Zen Monks utilized Ephedra to empower quiet fixation during reflection. As indicated by a legend, a tea containing Ephedra was given to the protectors of Genguis Khan, to shield them from nodding off on guard obligation. Mormon Tea, one of Ephedra's people names, originates from the utilization of the tea by Mormons; it was utilized as a trade energizer for the espresso and dark tea the Mormons couldn't drink. In the 1800's Ephedra tea was served in Brothels, professing to fix gonorrhea and syphilis. Ephedra tea today isn't utilized as a fix; it won't fix these STD's (2). Therapeutic Values The Medicinal utilization of Ephedra in China dates from around 2800B.C. In 1923 the specialists of Western Medicine started their enthusiasm for Ephedra. Before long, ephedrine turned out to be generally utilized as a nasal decongestant, a focal sensory system energizer, and a treatment for asthma in America. The segregated alkaloid initially acquired from Ephedra species, have been utilized in a considerable measure of physician recommended drugs and over-the-counter decongestants and sensitivity prescriptions (2,4).

ADHD and Overcoming Imposter Syndrome

ADHD and Overcoming Imposter Syndrome July 22, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children T.T./Getty Images Impostor syndrome is a term created by clinical psychologists Dr. Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes in 1978. It is used to describe high-achieving people who struggle to recognize their accomplishments. These people live in fear of others finding out they are a fraud. Of course, they aren’t a fraud; their successes are a direct result of their hard work and effort. How ADHD Leads to Imposter Syndrome Many people with ADHD feel like they are imposters. One of the reasons for this is that you hide your struggles from the general public. People, such as your boss and coworkers, know that you are smart and get results. But you know you have to work more hours than anyone else at the office to get those results. You meet deadlines by pulling all-nighters and by making personal sacrifices, such as less time with your family. Only a spouse or close family member knows the anguish and struggle you experience. When you keep part of yourself hidden, it can cause feelings of shame and guilt. It also causes fear about what would happen if people found out about the real you. 5 Behaviors of People With Imposter Syndrome Judith S. Beck has identified behaviors that people with impostor syndrome do. Do any of these sound familiar? You don’t believe your success was connected to your hard work, intelligence, or creativity.  Instead, you feel it must be due to luck, a fluke, or another random factor.You don’t celebrate a success. Instead, you look at the next thing that needs to be done. Rather than feel proud of the presentation you did, you think, Yes, but what about the one in two weeks? I have to prepare for that. You spend no time basking in the glory of a job well done.You spend lots of time and energy thinking about what didn’t go well, even if it was only a very tiny detail. You dwell on the negative, and you spend no time thinking about your successes or what did go well.You disregard your accomplishments or the praise you receive for them. You don’t believe you deserve it or feel that you should have done better.You regularly compare yourself to others, and it is always unfavorable. You might think, They didn’t have to work through the night to prepare the presentation, and they got better re sults than me.” When people with ADHD realize there is a name for how they have been feeling, they usually feel a huge sense of relief. Knowing that they aren’t alone is comforting. 3 Ways to Overcome Imposter Syndrome Here are some suggestions to help you overcome Imposter Syndrome. Address Shame: Addressing shame is very helpful. Remember ADHD  is a neurological condition and the parts of you that you are hiding are a direct result of having ADHD.  ?Cognitive behavior therapy:  Working with a cognitive behavior therapist is helpful. They can help you to balance your thoughts. Rather than focusing on the negative, they will help you to see the full picture.Keep track:  Start to track what actions you do so that you can reap the success that you have. For example, if you ran a half marathon in less than two hours, realize that it wasn’t just due to luck. You probably went running four times a week for 16 weeks and ate healthy food. Your hard work resulted in a great time even though there might have been an element of luck, such as the weather may have been favorable that day. When you track your actions, it becomes easier to see what role you played in your success. This, in turn, makes it easier to own and celebrate your successes. What parts of your life are you going to track?

Why Students Have The Your Lives By Developing Their Own...

In the present world, there are students who live their lives by developing their own stories and identities. Everyone has different appearances, cultures, languages, thoughts, and their own stories. They share the stories about themselves or about others, get informations, and share informations to let others know. At this point, there may be a lot of errors and wrong points in the stories, but students usually do not have a chance to know if there is an error or not. They just believe what they heard from the story, and share only the story of what they heard before have their own experience, stereotypes are instilled into their minds unconsciously. Of course there will be no problem if the story is proven fact, but if the story is not†¦show more content†¦They make one story become the only story† (Adichie). She gives several examples of a single story, one of her example, she was talking with one of American student who read her written novel about Nigerian abusive . He sorrowed to Adichie that Nigerian men were abusive, that was the only single story of Nigeria. Adichie kept her mind cool and took his pity back. Having read American Psycho, she said, â€Å"all young Americans men are serial killers† (Adichie). For another example, Adichie addressed about her roommate when she left Nigeria to go to university in the United States. Her roommate was shocked by her, and asked where she had learned to speak English well, and was confused when She said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language. Her roommate asked if she could listen to what she called her â€Å"tribal music,† and was very disappointed when she produced her tape to Mariah Carey. Her roommate had a single story of Africa, Adichie said â€Å" there was no possibility of Africans being similar to her in any way, no possibility of feelings more complex than pity, no possibility of a connection as human equals† (Adichie). Her point was that when people inform about something, they should tell stories, more than one story about something. â€Å"Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories have been used to dispossess and to malign, but stories can also be used to empower and to humanize. StoriesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Undocumented Immigrants 1279 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage is essential to every interaction and aspect in human’s everyday lives. Imagine a world without language, everyone will be mute and doesn’t have any connection with each other. Being able to communicate through language with each other forms bonds and that’s what make human different from any animal species. And language gives us a unique and diverse characters to each of us. In the article of Undocumented Immigrants, the writer (Forest) talks about how the uses of language is so importantRead MoreClose to the Waters Edge.1462 Words   |  6 PagesClose to the Water’s Edge. 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Educating Rita is the story of a young hairstylist with a desire for a different life. She seems doomed to live the life everyone expects her to; to get married, have children and, well, that’s pretty much it, but Rita has a craving for knowledge and self-advancement. Like herRead MoreUnity : The Message And Diversity Is The Messenger1111 Words   |  5 Pages gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies which clearly signifiesUnity in Diversity. It is the basic recognition that all the people are unique in their own way. The differences could consist of the reading level, athletic ability, cultural background, personality, religious beliefs, and etc; the list goes on and on. When people value diversity, they recognize and respect the fact that people are differentRead MoreThe Violence Of Language On Social Media1477 Words   |  6 Pageswhat I am about to say is offensive. To begin, I am disappointed with the meme you posted on social media that makes fun of Caitlin Jenner for supporting Republican candidate Ted Cruz. My issue with this situation is not the meme itself, but how in your post you referred to Caitlin as Bruce. Now, as a democrat myself and a person who doesn’t particularly like Ted Cruz, I find it confusing that transgender Caitlin Jenner would come out and support him. However, that does not give us the right to call

The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 2033 Words

Slavery was an embarrassing time in America’s history. In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. It’s easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglass’s time no one thought that it was. Frederick Douglass went on to write books and give speeches in hope that one day all slaves would be free. In the book called â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, he attempts to shine light on the American Slave system in the 1800’s. Frederick Douglass believed that slavery was terrible for slaves. Douglass was born in Talbot County, Maryland. He was separated from his mother at a young age. He had no accurate knowledge of how old he was. His mother was also a slave. He recalled only seeing his mother five or six†¦show more content†¦Douglass’s position on slavery is that slavery corrupts slave holders. Colonel Lloyd kept three to four hundred slaves on his plantation. To him this was a great business place. The slaves, in return, did not receive much. The slaves were poor, they barely had enough clothing for a year and they wouldn’t receive any more until their next allowance day. In Excerpt 2, Paragraph 2, it states, â€Å"Here, too, the slaves of all the other farms received their monthly allowance of food, and their yearly clothing. The men and women slaves received, as their monthly allowance of food, eight pounds of pork, or its equivalent in fish, and one bushel of corn meal. Their yearly clothing consisted of two coarse linen shirts, one pair of linen trousers, like the shirts, one jacket, one pair of trousers for winter, made of coarse negro cloth, one pair of stockings, and one pair of shoes; the whole of which could not have cost more than seven dollars.† Douglass is trying to disprove that slaves are being treated fairly. The evidence shows that they are not because slaves don’t receive much food or clothing until their next allowance day. This shows that slavery was bad for slaves and it corrupted slaveholders. Frederick Douglass believed that slavery corrupted slaveholders because it could turn a kind hearted woman into a demon. Frederick was chosen to move to Baltimore and it opened the gateway to all of his subsequent prosperity. When he meet his mistress he

A Study of the Impact of Health Care Management and Health Care Delivery Free Essays

This research paper is aimed to show the impact of the health care management and health care delivery on the health status of the Gabonese. The study, impact assessment of health care management and health care delivery profile will builds up from previous work and is expected to serve as a future building block that advances the conceptualization and practical understanding of how to evaluate the competence of health care management and delivery in Gabon. Throughout Gabon, there is a growing consensus about the nature and importance of health care management and delivery competence a necessary component to accessible, responsive and high quality health care (Gerardi, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on A Study of the Impact of Health Care Management and Health Care Delivery or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Nevertheless, the pursuit of competence in health care management and delivery institutions is somehow constrained partly by the health industries’ deficiency of a systematic procedures and instruments for assessing competence in relation to health care status. The health care management and delivery will be gauged on its presence, quality level as well as its contribution to good health and health care of the entire population of Gabon. The particular aims of the research are to develop an analytic framework for accessing the impact of health care management and health care delivery in the health care delivery organizations, point out specific indicators that can be used in connection to the framework as well as assessing the importance, feasibility and practical implication of the framework and its indicators. The health status indicators in Gabon will mainly be focused on quality of provision of primary health care, general mortality rates for both adults and children and the effects of health care management and delivery on average life expectancy of the people of Gabon (MSH, 1991). Problem of the Statement To study the impact of health care management and health care delivery in Gabon, the research team will apply various methods to reach these objectives.   The research team will solicit inputs from individuals with wide expertise on issues related to health care management and delivery. These individuals will share information, insights as well as opinions throughout the research period on ongoing basis through meetings and written commentaries.   The research team will also receive inputs from a wide range of key informants in private and public sector who have knowledge on health care management and health care delivery in Gabon. Further, the research will also include inputs from workshops with the public in different zones.   Finally, the research team will make visits to best practice settings in the health care delivery institutions that have been recognized by the public for their creative and innovation in the health care delivery.   Visits will be made to both public and private health care facilities. The sites to be visited should be varied in size, population served, auspices as well as history and scope of health care management and delivery competence activities.   These visits will offer opportunities to get experience-based practical views about the impact of health care management and health care delivery in Gabon. The research intends to use an interactive process in developing the research findings.   Initially, there will be preliminary assessment of guidelines and initial set of indicators’ needs to be developed in literature review. This will be followed closely by refining the preliminary framework, set of indicators and related assumptions.   This will be done by considering the feedback from the key informants, input from the professionals in the health care industry as well as findings from site visits.   Finally, the framework and indicators resulting from this refinement will further be revised based on the wide range of inputs from the experts as well as various persons contacted during the site visits.   The final report of the findings of the research will be compiled and presented for analysis and evaluation. For this research purposes, the health care management and delivery will be referred to as behaviors, policies and attitudes that combine in a system among professionals and/or agency in agency in facilitating the above to work effectively in improving the health status of the Gabonese. To develop tools to access the impact in the context of health care, the research team is to concentrate on organizational level only. The organizational structure in health management and delivery is an integral part of systematic patient-centred and has the momentum to improve the access to care, quality of care as well as health outcomes (MSH, 1991). The organization normally serves as the driving force in the development and maintenance of individual health care provider competence by providing the managers, policies and systems that support the experiences they encounter.   Moreover organizational culture affects the service delivery and also serves as a mechanism for maintaining quality health care delivery. Historical Perspective of Health Care Management and Delivery Research and other studies have indicated that late neo-natal deaths are attributed to perinatally related experiences.   The survival of infants at 24-27 weeks gestation depends on the effectiveness of maternal and/or prenatal care (Weir, et al, 1993).   Although Gabon’s expenditure on health care provision is higher, infant survival rates are low relative to other developing countries. Lower child maternal rates in Gabon can be avoided by improving the policy of health care delivery mainly by focusing on process issues. Recent studies show that prenatal maternal rates in Gabon are approximately 82 per every 1,000 total births and there is gradual increase in rate over time (Weir, et al, 1993). Prenatal deaths are mostly caused by asphyxia, immaturity and macerated stillbirth.   The prevalence of low birth weight babies, multiple pregnancies and admitted patients are some of the major reasons for high mortality rates, particularly in Gabon. To reduce the current high prenatal maternal rates in Gabon, public education on danger signs of prolonged labour and regular training of health professionals as well as improving neo-dental facilities are very important.   Recent studies on global prenatal mortality figures show that between 6 and 7 million prenatal deaths occur for every 132 million births per year (MSH, 1991). It also shows that the dominant causes of those prenatal deaths were mainly caused by poor maternal health, early child bearing and most importantly, lack of appropriate and quality health delivery.   Although technology has provided medical service providers with life-saving practices, almost â…“ of mothers have no access to services during pregnancy and also do not have access to service for childbirth. Infectious diseases such as pneumonia, influenza, malaria as well as tuberculosis are the main causes of mortality in the 20th century in Gabon (Gerardi, 2004).   In the same vein recently measles, cholera as well as intestinal infections are continually and regularly causing mortality in Gabon and many other parts of the world. There has been substantial reduction of prevalence and impact of the above-mentioned diseases due to current improved control of environment, personal hygiene, medical facilities, proper management of human waste as well as dispensation including proper vaccination. How to cite A Study of the Impact of Health Care Management and Health Care Delivery, Essays

The Literacy element Essay Example For Students

The Literacy element Essay Modules HR143 (Assignment and Presentation) and IS161 have been paramount in the development of my literacy skills and the challenging nature of these modules has brought me to develop new approaches to study and a whole new way of learning relevant subject matter.  The University website www.unn.ac.uk has also been an important factor in my studies and covertly has brought my literacy skills to a higher level with regards to finding reference books and other texts. L1  Reading and synthesizing information are described as the main factors of developing literacy skills, these two items where a large part of my first semester with having to produce a number of essays on specific subject matter.  Selecting Material  Selecting reading material that contained the information I needed to complete my SM139 seminar work was quickly and efficiently accessed using the Universities Reading Lists pages (available online at www.unn.ac.uk). Here I could access all the recommended and essential reading texts that were available to me during my Business Management course (fig 1.1). We will write a custom essay on The Literacy element specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (Fig.1.1)  The online reading lists helped me to select the most precise and accurate information recommended by module lecturer.  Reading Materials  When I think of reading a textbook the thought is extremely daunting because there is so much information to read and with other responsibilities to other modules time is of the essence. During my A-Levels I discovered a website that was dedicated to improving your reading skills, techniques of speed reading and most importantly being able to reduce the intake of irrelevant information. This again was particularly helpful in reading textbooks in my first and second semester at University. The Website http://web.nps.navy.mil/~menissen/mn3309/readguid.htm has introduced me to Skim reading and the following extract describes just some of the invaluable techniques I have introduced into my 1st Year studies at Northumbria in many HR143 and SM139 seminar case studies. (Fig1.2) Speed Reading Tips  These tips are derived from standard courses available on speed reading. Speed reading enables the reader to cover all printed material in less time. The techniques below can complement speed reading in that they can reduce the amount of printed material required to be read. Specific speed reading tips include:  1. Try not to say the words to yourself (even mentally) as you read. This limits your reading speed to your speaking speed.  2. Look for the key words in each sentence and try to avoid reading less-important articles, conjunctions and like small terms. 3. Use you hand or finger to trace a path for your eyes (Fig 1.2)  Synthesizing the key information in a form that is relevant to purpose;  Synthesizing key information is a situation in which you create or manufacturing or information and this had been very true in my Human Resources (HR143) Module. We set the task of compiling evidence on two managers or world leaders, comparing their management styles, personalities and write and essay explaining their differing styles. This essay gave me chance to accurately identify texts or sources that would be appropriate for the task in hand, I used Richard Bransons own book Losing My Virginity as the primary source from which much material for my essay could be synthesized.  Richard Bransons book had a lot of information about his background and life away from business, it was therefore important that I was not distracted by the irrelevant information. To eliminate time lost searching for his management credentials I looked up keywords in the glossary of the book, words such as Management, Behaviour and others linked with his business. This method proved most valuable and was relevant to the purpose of getting only the necessary facts and information. Identifying accurately, and comparing, the lines of reasoning and main points from texts and images;  Identifying the main points from large text used in my HR143 seminars was to quickly skim through the case study just to get a feel of what the study is about, I then read the questions after which I take a further look at the text and highlight any appropriate phrases or words that appear or are linked to the question. Sub-Headings are extremely useful in searching for the most relevant sections of information as they are designed to attract the reader to particular sections of interest or main points. I then employ a method of reading the question, going back to the text (looking for underlined or highlighted words or phrases) and then answer the question. .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 , .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .postImageUrl , .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 , .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167:hover , .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167:visited , .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167:active { border:0!important; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167:active , .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167 .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc57195f74bb5fc624afe8a8ba02e8167:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Feel sorry for the Convict EssayThe use of this technique has helped me through GCSE and A Levels, and is proving most useful in my Business Management degree in many different modules.  L2 selecting and using a form and style of writing that is appropriate to purpose and complex subject matter;  IS161  We were given an assignment by our module tutor Dimitra that stated we must create a Word processed document on a topic from a list provided, and that is was to be handed in towards the end of the 1st semester, I thought that writing a few pages about Globalisation would be easy and passing would be no real hardship.  However, It wasnt as easy as merely constructing a document and then submitting it, there were specific criteria that had to be followed, we had to use specific skills and use technical functions to complete the task. Below is just a sample of the skills and functions that had to be incorporated into the assignment (fig 1.3).