Needs Assessment and Analysis Essay -- Business Research

Needs Assessment and AnalysisIntroduction and Overview subscriber linees in todays economy often face challenges that are not pronto apparent until, more often than not, the costs of those challenges become critical. A businesses ability to identify the fundamentals of these challenges and act accordingly to squelch the damage that has been done darn bouncing back is paramount to the businesses success. This paper will identify three key areas in identifying and repairing the critical problems that can occur. More importantly, this paper will alike identify several fundamentals within the three areas. The paper will examine some sub levels of (1) analysis, (2) cost, and (3) research. Additionally, this paper will discuss the measures that several companies took in these areas to show special examples of these principles in use.AnalysisWithin the scope of needs assessment and analysis there are many building blocks that complete the profuse picture. One such block is comprise d of the levels of analysis. And within the levels of analysis there are three main points. These points as reported by Goldstien (1993) McGehee and Thayer (1961) Moore and Dutton (1978) and Sleezer (1991) are (1) organization, (2) job or task, and (3) individual or person (as cited by Holton). The following paragraphs will discuss each of these three points by defining and demonstrating their context within analysis. OrganizationHolton (1996) suggests that the three-level progress to needs assessment suggests that assessors should start by analyzing the organization to determine what results are not occurring and should be, and what organizational factors are contributing to that condition. This could easily be interpreted as ... ...lanning, Implementation, and Control Eighth Edition. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall, Inc.Marrelli, Anne F., Cost Analysis for Training. In Erekson, David A., Shaha, Steven H., Swenson, Craig D., (1996). Business Research Realities Selected Rea dings (pp. 117-132). Needham high gear Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing.Newsom, D., Turk, J., Kruckeberg, D., (1996). This is PR, The Realities of Public Relations, Sixth Edition. Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Rose, M., (1999, February 5). New Breed of Beef to be Test-Marketed Here. Business Journal Serving Greater Portland, 15. Page 29Schoeppel, C. Turning Down Manager Turnover Financial Services Inc. In Erekson, David A., Shaha, Steven H., Swenson, Craig D., (1996). Business Research Realities Selected Readings (pp. 257-264). Needham Heights Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing.10

Ben Franklin :: essays research papers fc

Ben Franklin was a man of m any ideas. He was able to come up with hundreds of inventions which played crowing roles at that time and for the future. He greatly affected the lives of many community around the world at that time distributor point and at this time period with the things that he had invented. One of Ben Franklins greatest inventions was the Franklin orbit. He took the model of the old stove and made it even better and more energy sufficient. The people of Philadelphia precious the Franklin stove for two main causes. The first reason is it gave off two times more heat than the old wood burning stoves. The second reason is it used one half the energy required for the old wood burning stoves(Cousins 88). This means that people didnt have to chop down as many trees and split as much wood. They were able to used the wood for more useful things than just burning it. Ben wrote, Since wood has become so expensive, any new proposal for saving the wood may at least be worth consideration(Parker 13). They could use wood to build house or any other kinds of building or structures. They could also used the extra wood to build furniture and other things for the inside of their houses. Also there would be a lot of extra wood because less wood was required for burning. It was also was a lot less dangerous because it was a closed fervidness rather than an open fire. Ben found out that the women in his family that stayed home each day, did not get as many cold and toothaches as they used to(Cousins 89). presently every women in Philadelphia wanted a Franklin stove(Cousins 89). The Pennsylvania authorities were very pleased. They offered Franklin the patent for his design of the stove. This meant that he could earn money for every Franklin stove made. He refused saying that he was glad to be able to serve others. (Parker 13) This was a truly great inventions for the people of that time and the present. During that time, wood burning was everyones source of h eat, now there are many sources of heat. People still burn wood and it is probably the cheapest way to heat a house. Many people also use it as their primary source of heat or just as back up heat just in contingency something happens.

Essay --

Over the past century and a half, the spur of Bigfoots existence has questioned many researchers and non-believers a manage. Extensive research and findings have sparked many to seek protrude if there is another creature amongst our woods. Bigfoots existence is limited to substantial evidence such as sightings, footprints, and somatogenic traces. Ben Radford the author of Bigfoot at 50 Evaluating a Half-Century of Bigfoot render explains effectively of the possible existence by means of extensive evidence and theories whether the beast actually resides among us. The theory of there being an ape like beast that walks through our wilderness all started with a 16mm film in Bluff Creek, California by Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin in 1967. The video displayed a tall, hairy benignant like figure trolling along a timber clearing walking briskly away from Patterson and Gimlin. The film ignited a craze amongst scientist and viewers to go on a conquest to prove Bigfoots existence. The 19 67 film was never proven to be a hoax or real evidence and still straight off is a toss up. Personal sightings or eyewitness accounts make up what seems to be the most numerous amounts of evidence thats been brought to attention. Sightings are not justifiable to whether Squatch is real no matter how many sightings are reported. The Pennsylvania Bigfoot Society stores archives of Bigfoot reports across Pennsylvania for almost the past century. Locally, in Erie County, there has venture to be several eyewitness accounts of Bigfoot encounters. People often confuse a Sasquatch with a bear or some other unknown animal that they may seem to not make out clearly. Eyewitness testimony is notoriously unreliable(Radford 2002). Sure some people would not believe a person ... ... tested hairs and other parts for DNA and concluded that they fit into our family tree. Those hair samples that could not be identified as known animal or human were subsequently screened using DNA testing, be ginning with sequencing of mitochondrial DNA followed by sequencing nuclear DNA to determine where these individuals fit in the tree of life (Ketchum 2013). The existence of Bigfoot isnt quite certain to be real with the numerous accounts of acclaimed sighting and physical evidence that has been laid on the table for researchers to decipher. From my standpoint, Bigfoot is a cryptozoological creature that has yet to be explained that Im not for certain about. Radford explained the facts whether the existence of Bigfoot is real or just a hoax. Its just a matter of time when and where this mythic being will proven to be a new life form amongst us.

Act 2 Scenes 8-10 Essay -- Aboriginals Moore River Australia Essays

Act 2 Scenes 8-10The scene starts at superintendents office at Moore river Native settlement, the date set 10 April 1933. It represents an institution of etiolated power-a place of forced confinement and conformity. The importance of the construction of this place is to give a medium for the Aboriginals to resist such conformity, as demonstrated by Joe and bloody shame escaping from white control. It reinforces the theme of the play the refusal of aboriginal people to submit to the ways of European invadersThe 1930s represented two major political turning points of westward Australia. Firstly, the loss of the James Mitchells seat as the premier of Northam to the labor government epitomises changing white attitudes by electing a fairer government system. In prior scenes, Mitchells desperate attempt to win the election by sending the Aboriginals to Moore River as an act of racial segregation reflects his inequality and exploitation of his political hegemony. The cooperate political concern at this historical point was the success of the withdrawal referendum vote. This secession of the 1930s was led by the organisation Dominion League of westbound Australia and in success of secession, Western Australia would break away from federation and the rule of the Commonwealth of Australia, therefore having dominion status similar to that of New Zealand. Despite the favoured votes for the secession referendum, by 1935 the proposition to Parliament was denied and WA still remained pa...

Jack Londons Attitude Towards Life in the Short Story, The Law of Life

Jack Londons Attitude Towards Life in the Short Story, The Law of Life Jack London, real name John Griffith Chaney, is intumesce known American novelist and short bill writer, born in California (Merriam Websters Encyclopedia of Literature 629). Londons short story The Law of Life was first produce in Mc Clures Magazine in 1901. It was one of his first stories written around the time at which London had just discovered that this way of composition made the biggest impression on the reader.(Tenant 1) One of the most effective elements is that the main character of the story is an overaged Indian, named Koskoosh. He is left by his tribe and his relatives, with zip but a fire and some wood to keep it burning for few hours. He was sitting by the fire and thinking about his youth, call up certain moments of his life. In this story one may found London?s attitude towards life as a phenomenon which must be undergone by every living being in this world. London calls it ?the law of life? (London 956). And the law of life is aging and death. First thing which can be treated as a kind of the law of life is a bunch of life. The circle of life begins when a man is born and ends with his/her death. Koskoosh thinks of the leaves turning in dusk from green to brown, of young girls that fix more and more attractive until they find a man, raise children and slowly grow ugly by age and labor. Koskoosh gives an event of a young woman, whom he calls ?maiden? ?A maiden was a good creature to look upon, full-breasted and strong, with spring to her step and light in her eyes. that her task was yet before her.? (London 958). The picture of this woman is being portrayed at her youth when she is still nice, strong and with ?light in her eyes? (London 958). She would grow up and she would take a husband. ?And with the coming of her offspring her looks left her. Her limbs dragged and shuffled, her eyes dimmed and bleared, and only the little children found joy against the w ithered cheek of the old squaw by the fire.? (London 958) She is not an exception. This woman gets older until she reaches such age when she becomes uninteresting and expendable for other people.And finally, ?her task was done? (London 958). Koskoosh equates her end of life with his current ascertain ?she would be left, even as he had been left, in the snow, with a little pile o... ...d by every living being in the world. This author?s attitude is clearly seen from the very beginning of the story when old Koskoosh felt that he was already ?very close to death? (London 956), until the last sentence of the story ?Was it not the law of life?? (London 961). Of course one should not forget that London writes about the far north, and as he points out himself in umpteen stories, the rules in the far north are very different from those of any other region. The Indian custom of letting the old man die wholly is not criticized by London, because this custom was a necessity for the survivi ng of the tribe. London only emphasizes that ?the law of life? is one and irrevocable. One may call it the circle of life or the eternal struggle for living, but the end of our life, that is death, is the same for everyone.Works CitedLondon, Jack. ?The Law of Life?. Eds. Ronald I. Gottesman, et al. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Vol 2. New York WW Norton and Company, 1979.Merriam-Webster?s Encyclopedia of Literature. mum Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1995Tenant, Roy. Who was Jack London?http//sunsite.berkely.edu/London.html18 February 2005

Jack Londons Attitude Towards Life in the Short Story, The Law of Life

Jack capital of the United Kingdoms Attitude Towards Life in the Short Story, The Law of Life Jack London, real name John Griffith Chaney, is well known American novelist and short story writer, born in California (Merriam Websters Encyclopedia of Literature 629). Londons short story The Law of Life was first published in Mc Clures Magazine in 1901. It was one of his first stories written around the time at which London had just discovered that this way of writing made the biggest spirit on the reader.(Tenant 1) One of the most effective elements is that the main character of the story is an old Indian, named Koskoosh. He is left by his tribe and his relatives, with nothing but a fire and some wood to keep it burning for few hours. He was sitting by the fire and thinking about his youth, remembering certain moments of his life. In this story one may found London?s attitude towards life as a phenomenon which must be undergone by every biography being in this world. London calls i t ?the right of life? (London 956). And the law of life is aging and death. First thing which can be treated as a kind of the law of life is a circle of life. The circle of life begins when a man is born and ends with his/her death. Koskoosh thinks of the leaves turning in autumn from green to brown, of fresh girls that grow more and more attractive until they find a man, raise children and slowly grow ugly by age and labor. Koskoosh gives an example of a young woman, whom he calls ?maiden? ?A maiden was a good creature to look upon, full-breasted and strong, with spring to her step and light in her eyes. But her task was yet before her.? (London 958). The picture of this woman is being portrayed at her youth when she is still nice, strong and with ?light in her eyes? (London 958). She would grow up and she would demand a husband. ?And with the coming of her offspring her looks left her. Her limbs dragged and shuffled, her eyes dimmed and bleared, and only the little children fo und joy against the withered cheek of the old squaw by the fire.? (London 958) She is not an exception. This woman gets older until she reaches such age when she becomes uninteresting and expendable for other people.And finally, ?her task was done? (London 958). Koskoosh equates her end of life with his current condition ?she would be left, take down as he had been left, in the snow, with a little pile o... ...d by every living being in the world. This author?s attitude is understandably seen from the very beginning of the story when old Koskoosh felt that he was already ?very close to death? (London 956), until the last sentence of the story ?Was it not the law of life?? (London 961). Of course one should not forget that London writes about the furthest north, and as he points out himself in many stories, the rules in the far north are very different from those of any other region. The Indian custom of letting the old man die alone is not criticized by London, because this custo m was a necessity for the surviving of the tribe. London only emphasizes that ?the law of life? is one and irrevocable. One may call it the circle of life or the eternal struggle for living, but the end of our life, that is death, is the same for everyone.Works CitedLondon, Jack. ?The Law of Life?. Eds. Ronald I. Gottesman, et al. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Vol 2. New York WW Norton and Company, 1979.Merriam-Webster?s Encyclopedia of Literature. Massachusetts Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1995Tenant, Roy. Who was Jack London?http//sunsite.berkely.edu/London.html18 February 2005

Mla Exercise

Exercises Using MLA Works Cited Source Arkin, Marian, and Cecillia Macheski. Research papers A Practical Guide. Boston Houghton-Mifflin Company. 2001. Directions Using the following information, create a Works Cited entry for these sources. Important words have been capitalized. Remove or change the capitals and uptake MLA style of capitalization and punctuation. After you have the entry for each source, arrange them in alphabetical order as they would appear at the end of a research paper on the Works Cited page. 1. The title of the book is W. E. B. DUBOIS. The book was published in BOSTON in 1986 by TWAYNE Publishers.The authors spend a penny is MARABLE MANNING. Manning, Marable. W. E. B. Dubois. Boston Twayne, 1986. Print. 2. An expression entitled SIX CENTS AN HOUR was written by SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG. This article was published in LIFE magazine. It appeared in the JUNE 1996 sheer on pages 38-46. Schanberg, Sydney H. half dozen Cents an Hour. LifeJune 1996 38-46. Print. 3. MAR Y LAWLERS book called MARCUS GARVEY was published in NEW YORK by CHELSEA HOUSE publishers in the year 1988. Lawler, Mary. Marcus Garvey. tonic York Chelsea House, 1988. Print. 4. This book was published by PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, which is located in PRINCETON, New Jersey.It was written my Myron Weiner. Wieners book was called THE tyke AND THE STATE IN INDIA CHILD LABOR AND EDUCATION POLICY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. It appeared in 1991. Weiner, Myron. The kid and the State in India Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton Princeton UP, 1991. Print. 5. An article entitled INDIA BATTLES ILLEGAL CHILD LABOR appeared in the newspaper the CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR. It was published on November 8, 1995 and the article begins on page 9. India Battles Illegal Child Labor. Christian Science manage8 Nov. 1995 9. Print. 6.This article came from Ebscohost from NCLive. The authors name is SALLY RICHFIELD. The article name is HOW HIGH THE DOVE FLIES. The art icles volume and issue bend are 1. 5. The exit of online publication is August 10, 2000. The name of the online journal is BIRDS ARE US. The sponsor of the site from which you got this information is Stanly Community College in Albemarle, NC. The date of access is November 2, 2001 Richfield, Sally. How superior the Dove Flies. Birds Are Us1. 5 (2000) n. pag. NC Live. Web. 2 Nov. 2001. 7. This article came from a scholarly journal the pages issues separately.The authors names are RODNEY MONTGOMERY and MAUREEN FOSTER. The articles name is DYSFUNCTION IN UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN NEW SOUTH WALES IN 1947 AND 1983. The name of the journal was THE JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT. The issue number is 43. 2. The year of publication is 1989 and the pages run from page 6-17. Montgomery, Rodney, and Maureen Foster. Dysfunction in University Management in New South Wales in 1947 and 1983. Journal of Higher EducationManagement43. 2 (1989) 6-17. Print. 8. This source comes from a CD-ROM. Its editor is SONALD SHEEHY. The name of the CD-ROM is ROBERT FROST POEMS, LIFE AND LEGACY.This CD-ROM was published in NEW YORK by HOLT in 1997. Sheehy, Sonald. ed. Robert Frost Poems, Life, and Legacy. New York Holt, 1997. CD-ROM 9. This source is a personal or professional web site. The authors are STEVE SPANOUDIS, BOB BLAI, and NELSON MILLER. The sites name is POETS CORNER. The publication date is February 2, 1998. The users date of access is February 4, 2000. The URL is http//www. geocities. com/. apanoudi/poems. Spanoudis, Steve, Bob Blai, and Nelson Miller. Poets Corner, 2 Feb. 1998. Web. 4 Feb. 2000. 10. This source is an online book. The original date of publication of the book is 1846.The authors name is CHARLOTTE BRONTE. The name of the book is JANE EYRE. The user access date is March 16, 1999. The site is gopher. vt. edu10010/02/50/1. Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 1846. Web. 16 Mar. 1999. Works Cited Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 1846. Web. 16 Mar. 1999. India Battles I llegal Child Labor. Christian Science Monitor8 Nov. 1995 9. Print. Lawler, Mary. Marcus Garvey. New York Chelsea House, 1988. Print. Manning, Marable. W. E. B. Dubois. Boston Twayne, 1986. Print. Montgomery, Rodney, and Maureen Foster. Dysfunction in University Management in New South Wales in 1947 and 1983. Journal of Higher EducationManagement43. 2 (1989) 6-17. Print. Richfield, Sally. How High the Dove Flies. Birds Are Us1. 5 (2000) n. pag. NC Live. Web. 2 Nov. 2001. Schanberg, Sydney H. Six Cents an Hour. LifeJune 1996 38-46. Print. Sheehy, Sonald. ed. Robert Frost Poems, Life, and Legacy. New York Holt, 1997. CD-ROM Spanoudis, Steve, Bob Blai, and Nelson Miller. Poets Corner, 2 Feb. 1998. Web. 4 Feb. 2000. Weiner, Myron. The Child and the State in India Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton Princeton UP, 1991. Print.

Education and Social Change

Education and Social Change Education in Technical Sense. Is the act upon by which community through schools, colleges, universities, and other institutions, deliberately transmits its cultural heritage its accumulated knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to a nonher. Social Change * a response to numerous type of change that take place on the social and non-social environment * Generally affected by the agents of socialization John Dewey * A prominent Ameri asshole philosopher and professor of the late 1800s and early 1900s * Father of Progressivism Progressivism was derived from pragmatism *John Dewey wrote the Essay on Education and Social Change* EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE * How schools act in the Social Change * Dewey supports the notion that golf club is constantly changing, and that education reflects, generates, and guides social change. * *There is some confusion in how the school lead the decree *Definition by the Conservatives Conservatives Those Peop le who are considered to be traditionalists. They want the old ways rather than the new ways. Conservatives are opposed to modernism and progressivism * Conservatives believe that schools should not influence or guide social change * They favor older types of study and disciplinary methods in schools (Dewey, 2001, p. 335). Impotence of Education * Those who represent preponderating and scotch political regime, together with the conservatives, believes that education does not influence social order or social change. * Economy is the influence, and education merely reflects this social order and the preponderant economic class. * Nothing can hange without overthrowing this dominant economic class and replacing it with another, not even for education. * Dewey argues that if all of this were true, then any coup of the current dominant economic class would also have to bring with it other changes in the morals, mentality, and culture of society so that this new system/social order can survive * But Dewey finds no evidence that an economic change can solely make these other kinds of changes in society * Schools shape morals, mentality, and culture in agreement with the economic class. Education still plays a vital role in social change * Dewey states that schools and educators can Dewey states that schools and educators can a) continue to influence society without exploring b) employ a scientific method of teaching and learning that corresponds with the cultural forces that learning that corresponds with the cultural forces that cause social change. ) take a conservative come out and make schools a force of maintaining old order and rejecting any new a force of maintaining old order and rejecting any new forces that steer society away from this old social order. democracy * Since Dewey argues that education infulences social change, then it must have some frame of reference, or else education would be meaningless. * Democracy was the frame of reference No clear definition but involves active participation for society * Education was founded on the principle of equal opportunity * acting and making decisions together helps build a better society. Psychosocial Development Theory * Erik Erikson * Based on an individuals development * Trust vs Mistrust * shore leave vs Shame and Doubt * Initiative vs Guilt * Industry vs Inferiority * Identity vs Role Confusion * Intimacy vs Isolation * Generativity vs Stagnation * Integrity vs Despair synopsis * John Dewey founded Progressivism Progressivism is the educational theory that supports active learning * John Deweys essay Education and Social Change tells us about how schools participate in Social Change * Conservatives disagree with Dewey because they believe that School should not affect the individual or the society * Some believe that it was the economy thats liable for social change and education reflects the social orders * Dewey presented his points and made a strong point that what the Conservatives and others were pointing was wrong * Educational and Social change has a symbiotic relationship, they acquire from each other * Dewey wanted primarily was Educational Democracy * Erik Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development helps us understand how an individual develops and understand himself, thus, he finds his view in the society.

Compare and Contrast “The Necklace” and “Ambush”

In the analyses of comparing and contrasting The Necklace and Ambush, they be very different, but also similar. The setting in each story could not be any more polar than they already are. The similarity of the two stories is that the plots both contain lies. In The Necklace, a egg-producing(prenominal) component part, Mathilde, is living in Paris during the 19th century. She is poor, yet undyingly wishes she was wealthy. One day the woman is invited to a prestigious ball within her city.She immediately she contacts a cryptical friend and borrows a fabulous necklace. at a time the night is all said and done and she returns from the ball, she realizes that the borrowed necklace is lost. She reacts by lying about the necklace and buying her friend a new-made one. With her financial situation the way it is she goes spiraling into debt and never recovers. Later, once Mathilde admits to her friend that she lost and replaced the necklace, it is revealed that the borrowed necklace was a fake worth very little.In Ambush, a male character OBrien, is asked many times by his daughter about his war stories and if he had killed anyone. He naturally fears a negative reaction from her and prevents this by lying. Once he lies, he contemplates telling his daughter the truth pretends his daughter is an adult and imagines telling her the truth of the time he shot an enemy coming by dint of thick mist. This story takes place in an unknown place and is told throughout the childhood of his daughter.In conclusion, in the analyses of The Necklace and Ambush the plots both contain a lie, which makes them similar, however, the characters used as well as the setting of each are completely different and unrelated. These stories have similar plot aspect, because each plot contains a lie that is told. They are also differing in other ways, including, the setting. In The Necklace, the setting is Paris during the 19th century the other is unknown and unimportant to the story.

Recreation, Leisure and Play Essay

The idea of vacant has been in existence for many centuries and has come to entertain many contrasting meanings forecasting on the period in history or the civilization that it originated from. From as early as Ancient Greece, Rome or Babylonia, the term we now cognize as leisure has existed in some form or another. As has been widely noted in introductory recreation texts, schole was both the ancient Hellenic word for leisure meaning, serious action mechanism with step forward the pressure of necessity and is the root of the English word for school (Godbey, 2003).To the ancient Greeks, leisure, education, and culture were intertwined. In other words, eruditeness was available simply for the rich, masses with the wealth to afford escaped term. Leisure, as we know it nowa daytimes, has changed from the original meaning of the word. From what I use up read and found in unhomogeneous books and articles, Leisure can be defined in 3 different ways leisure defined as a ren der of world or a state of hear, leisure defined as an activity, and leisure defined as m. I pass on discuss the various comments of leisure at once and and so discuss my issues with each definition.Leisure Defined as a State of Mind Leisure defined as a state of head is, in my approximation, the least frequently used definition of the word. The way to understand this concept would be use it in the context such(prenominal) as mortal who is at leisure meaning freedom from anxiety, obligation, or constraint or having an internal locus of control. Locus of Control refers to an individuals perception of master(prenominal) causes of e spills in life. More simply, having an internal locus of control means that you believe that you argon the master of your own destiny. John Neulinger (1974) statesLeisure has ace and only one essential criterion, and that is the condition of perceived freedom. Any activity carried out freely, without constraint or compulsion, may be considered t o be leisure. To leisure implies world engaged in any activity as a free agent and of ones own choice. (p. 12) Now I want you to keep in mind this idea of leisure as any activity of ones own free bequeathed decision because I am going to touch on it again during the leisure defined as time. Leisure Defined as an Activity Leisure defined as an activity is used widely as well. some people would agree that leisure activity is something that is fun and enjoyable during a non-working time. This idea bring ups it difficult to pinpoint a leisure activity though. misgiving if the activity is performed for intrinsic or extraneous purposes may be the deciding factor whether the activity is leisure or not. The distinction between intrinsic and outside(a) properties converges an essential role in stating several interesting philosophical problems. Why am I performing this action? If you are doing the activity because you enjoy it, accordingly you are performing it for its intrinsic va lue.If you do not want to participate in an activity, except you know that you will benefit from the activity, you are performing it for its extrinsic value. An example would be a person who practices on the piano because they like to figure out, versus a person who practices piano because they want to win a music contest. Who of the ii is experiencing leisure as an activity? Most people would agree that the first person is definitely experiencing leisure as an activity. The second person is where the debate lays. It is the kindred exact activity as the first person, but the motivation for performing the activity is different.I feel that as long as you, as a free willed individual, choose to perform any activity then you are experiencing leisure as an activity because you are fulfilling your desires. I feel that the only time when you are may not experience leisure is when you are last. If you have lived a long life and eventually die from old age, I do not believe that you mad e the decision out of free will to pass away. Although, if a person commits suicide, does that persons free willed decision make the act of dying a leisure activity? Some good questions to ask If your career is your passion, are you always at leisure?Conversely, is a person without a subscriber line always at leisure? Musicians, professional athletes, and the homeless are all specific examples of situations that may religious service answer these questions. Leisure Defined as era Leisure defined as time may be the most commonly understood meaning of the word today because of its positive connotations (Martin, 1975). People often use the word leisure and the term free time interchangeably. On the surface this definition seems fine, but as you delve deeper and ask difficult questions, it starts to bring approximately less clear. What is free time?Free time is defined as time free of obligations or responsibilities, or time to do with what you please. As Neulinger verbalize his d efinition of leisure, performing the activity out of free will is the deciding factor for whether it is leisure or not. This idea brings this thought to mind. All human beings have been blessed with the gift of free will a consciousness of who we are and of the decisions we make. Without consciousness we would still be assured of what is going on around us, but we would react to it in a reflexive, instinctive way. With consciousness, we can deliberately weigh what the senses tell us, and respond accordingly.If this definition holds true, shouldnt all of life be considered leisure? Ein truth decision, every action, comes from our decisions of our own free will. If we continue with this thought, some questions arise Are there any instances in life that would prevent you from experiencing free will? Do we always make decisions based on our desires? Do having priorities that are not in sync with our desires negate our free will? These questions came after having a conversation with my friend. She told me that when you are a parent, you have obligations to your children that may interfere with your free time.This is where the damn breaks open and it is up to the individual to decide. Her question was, What if my needs as a parent cannot be fulfilled because I have work to make sure my kids are fed and clothed? I feel that even though you have the responsibility as a parent to provide for your children, you made the decision to have a child knowing full well the obligations and responsibilities that would eventually come with that decision. Free time, who would have thought two little words, would bring up so many questions? My Definition of Leisure After contemplating on the various definitions of the term leisure I point the followingLeisure is the phenomenon experience by all self aware beings whose decisions are based out of free will, whether those decisions are made in the conscious or subconscious mind of the individual. Recreation Recreation is any a ctivity which is relaxing to humans or provides diversions from their practice routine, and in many ways is also a therapeutic refreshment of ones consistency or mind. Any activity can potentially be a recreational one. Vacations to exotic islands, sporting events, meditation, watching television, or escapeing monopoly are all forms of recreation.A key factor to the activity being considered a recreational activity is whether or not it is pleasurable. If the activity is not pleasurable then the activity cannot be considered recreational because it is not rejuvenating to the personate or mind. For example, a couple travels to the Caribbean for a second honeymoon. They have planned the vacation far in advance and the tickets and reservations are non-refundable. Upon arriving, the weather is awful and the couple is uneffective to participate in any of the activities they had planned for the trip.Even though the fact they were engaging in a commercial recreational activity, the wea ther prevented them from having an enjoyable time and therefore the vacation was not recreating to oneself or another. With the information provided, this vacation would not be classified as recreation. Fairchild defined recreation as any activity pursued during leisure, either individual or collective, that is free and pleasurable, having its own immediate appeal, not impelled by a delayed reward beyond itself (Fairchild, 1944).another(prenominal) aspect of recreation was presented by Gray and Greben (1974) as an emotional condition within an individual human being that flows from a feeling of well-being and self-satisfaction. It is characterized by feeling of mastery, achievement, exhilaration, acceptance, success, personal worth, and pleasure. It reinforces positive self-image. Recreation is a response to aesthetic experience, achievement of personal goals, or positive feedback from others. It is independent of activity, leisure, or personal acceptance. (p. 23) This definition i s not focused on the activity itself, but on the individuals reaction to the activity the individuals state of mind.I would agree that this definition touches the spirit of the subject much better. I stated earlier that any activity has the potential of being a recreational activity. This is true because it depends on how the individual feels about the activity. Most people experience pleasure during activities like exercise, sports, relaxing, and vacationing. If you think along these lines then it is easy to understand why some activities are generalized as recreational and why some are not. Although some people consider work pleasurable, most people do not love their job.This is why I believe that work is not universally accepted as recreational. My Definition of Recreation After contemplating on the various definitions of the term recreation I propose the following Recreation is a positive state of mind achieved during any fleshly or non-physical activities characterized by fee lings which are rejuvenating and recreating to the body and spirit. Play Leisure and recreation as I discussed them are states of mind experienced by an individual. Play, although related to these concepts, is different in the fact that it is a means to achieve this positive state of mind which all living beings desire.Play has existed since the beginning of time. Johan Huizinga (1950) described the characteristics of runaway as Voluntary behavior Stepping outside of ordinary life Secluded and especial(a) in time and space Not serious but absorbs the player intensely Bounded by rules Promoting formation of social groups that surround themselves with secrecy As you read the characteristics, you realize that they appear in all forms of play. Although play is a common occurrence within all ages of life, it is a concept that it liked to immaturity in todays society. The Instinctual Aspect of Play.Play is a puzzle to scientists. Why do animals spend so much time and energy doing such silly things that seem to have no purpose? The struggle for survival in nature is deadly serious. What place is there for activities that dont help animals eat, grow, and reproduce? Play is also very risky. Animals can break bones, pull muscles, or get bitten too hard. In a muse of 14 Siberian ibexes (wild goats), much than one-third were hurt badly enough during play to cause limps-a serious concern in the race for survival. And animals can become so jailed up in play that they are unaware of danger.One study showed that 80 percent of the deaths among young fur seals occurred because the playing pups didnt see predators coming (Braaf 2003, 4) Why is play worth the risk? Many scientists believe its essential for survival-as pregnant as food or sleep. Why Play? Most scientists believe that when animals play, they are practicing skills theyll need later in life. This is why different kinds of animals play in different ways. Young predators, such as wolves, lions, and bears , play by stalking, pouncing, biting, and shaking their heads from side to side. Theyre honing their skills for when they will run down, catch, and kill prey.When a wolf pup chases its own tail, bites it, and yanks it back and forth, the pup is rehearsing skills itll need one day as a hunter. Research shows that smarter animals spend more time playing. Elephants play more than horses. Chimps play more than macaques. Wolves play more than rabbits. And parrots play more than either ducks or sparrows. Smarter animals also play in more creative and complex ways. Not surprisingly, humans and chimpanzees are among the most playful species. (Braaf 2003, 9) Here are triple questions to start with Why do humans play? Is play something that is learned, or is it instinctual?And what purpose does it serve in humans? To answer the first question, Godbey (2003) presents the following If you ready a person in a dark tank of water heated to same temperature as their body in a dark path devoid o f sound, their need for stimulation will be so great that they will usually start to hallucinate. If you are walking down the street with secret code much absorbing your attention, you may start to notice cracks in the sidewalk and make up a game in which you have to avoid stepping on them. (p. 46) In conclusion, humans need stimulation. If the mind is idle then the person will seek out the stimulation in his or her surroundings.Whether or play is instinctual or learned, I believe that it is both. Most games that we play are learned, such as baseball, hide and seek, or even make believe games such as house. Obviously, not all forms of play are taught though. As in the example from Godbey, a person will make up a form of play if there are no other options for stimulation. Finally to understand the purpose of play in humans we must first discuss the four forms of play developed by Caillois (1958). The pursuit of vertigo in which one tries to momentarily destroy the stability of perc eption, escaping reality for the moment. Games of chance Make Believe Contests which require separate training, the application of skill, and the desire to win As in animals in the wild, play is used to hone a persons skill for later in life. Some examples of this are interacting with other children on the playground, which will increase social skills, hitting rocks with a stick, which will increase hand-eye coordination, and cloud watching, which will develop a persons imagination. My Definition of Play After contemplating on the various definitions of the term play I propose the followingPlay is voluntary behavior, bounded by rules, experienced by both human and non-human beings, which stimulates the mind and body, limits an individual for similar future situations, and allows for personal growth within the individual. How Leisure, Recreation, and Play Relate Now that I have discussed my definitions of leisure, recreation, and play, I will explain how my definitions are relate d to one another. As I stated earlier, Leisure is the phenomenon experienced by all self aware beings whose decisions are based out of free will, whether those decisions are made in the conscious or subconscious mind of the individual.Life, to me, is leisure because of our ability to act out of free will. The question should not be, Is this activity a leisure activity? , but rather, Is this activity considered good or bad leisure? Recreation, I feel, is a subset of leisure. All of recreation can be considered leisure, but not the converse. Recreation is a positive state of mind achieved during any physical or non-physical activities characterized by feelings which are rejuvenating and recreating to the body and spirit. The reason that not all of leisure can be considered recreation is because not all of life is recreating to the mind and spirit.Play is a subset of recreation. Similar to leisure and Recreation, all of play is recreation, but not the converse. Play is voluntary behav ior, bounded by rules, experienced by both human and non-human beings, which stimulates the mind and body, prepares an individual for similar future situations, and allows for personal growth within the individual. The main difference is that play is bounded by rules where recreation is not. Some examples of recreation that are not considered play would be meditation, reading, or watching TV.If you look at the following diagram, I think it makes it easier to understand the relationship between all collar of the concepts. pic Leisure is all encompassing. Within it lays recreation and play. Although they are both within leisure there are still some aspects of leisure that are not considered recreation. This blue arrow points to this area. The red arrow points to the area that is recreational but does not classify as play. Quality of Life The well-being or choice of life of a person is an important concern when trying to understand leisure, recreation, and play in an individuals life .Understanding quality of life is today particularly important in health care, where monetary rates do not readily apply. Decisions on what research or treatments to invest the most in are closely related to their effect of a patients quality of life. There are many components to well-being. A large part is standard of living, the occur of money and access to goods and services that a person has these numbers are fairly easily measured. Others components like freedom, happiness, art, environmental health, and innovation are far harder to measure and are generally considered to be more important.There are two main strategies we can adopt to improve the quality of life in our commonplace lives. The first is to try making external conditions match our goals. The second is to change how we experience external conditions to make them fit our goals better. Neither of the strategies is effective when used alone. ever-changing external conditions might seem to work at first, but if a per son is not in control of his or her consciousness, the old fears or desires will soon return, reviving previous anxieties. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990, p. 89) For instance, feeling secure is an important component of happiness.The sense of security can be improved by purchasing a gun for home protection, placing security locks on the front door, having an alarm unit installed, or moving to a safer neighborhood. All of these actions would fall under making our external conditions fit our goals better. One also has to understand that perfect safety is, in all reality, not possible and risks are inevitable. Once a person understands this then the threat of insecurity will not have as great of a chance of having a person live in fear finally ruining ones quality of life.In society today, wealth, status and power have become symbols of happiness. People often assume that the rich and famous have very rewarding lives just because of their status. We often assume that life would be better if we were in other peoples shoes. The reality of the situation is that quality of life does not depend directly on what others think about us or what we own, but rather how we feel about ourselves and what happens to us in our everyday lives. Some people today suffer from affluenza, the bloated, sluggish and unfulfilled feeling that results from efforts to keep up with the Joneses.It is an epidemic of stress, overwork, waste and indebtedness caused by dogged pursuit of the American Dream. In laymans terms, affluenza is experienced when people have the mentality that their possessions is what defines them as an individual. This is not to say that having nice things, being famous, or being is peak physical condition are irrelevant to happiness. These things can be genuine blessings but only if they make us feel better without having to sacrifice other important aspects of our life. Research on happiness suggests that in general, there is a mild correlation between wealth and well-being. Given these observations, instead of worrying about how to make a million dollars or how to win friends and influence people, it seems more beneficial to find out how everyday life can be made more harmonious and more satisfying, and thus achieve by a direct route what cannot be reached through the pursuit of symbolic goals (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990, p. 91). How Leisure, Recreation and Play walk out Quality of Life Everyone is familiar with stress. We experience it in varying forms and degrees every day. In small doses, stress can actually be beneficial to us.It is only when the stress becomes too great, affecting our physical or mental functioning, that it becomes a problem. The stress response of the body is meant to protect and support us. To maintain stability or homeostasis, the body is constantly adjusting to its surroundings. When a physical or mental event threatens this equilibrium, we react to it. This process is often referred to as the fight or flight response. We prepar e for physical action in order to confront or flee a threat. When it is part of a natural reaction to challenge or danger, the bodys response is called positive stress.However, when you feel out of control or under intense pressure, you may experience the physical, emotional, or relational symptoms brought on by negative stress. Stress can cause both physical and emotional in an individuals life. Stress adversely affects reproduction, sexual behavior, and growth. Stress inhibits the repellent system, making you more vulnerable to colds, flu, fatigue and infections. Leisure, recreation and play are natural ways to reduce negative stress that builds up in the body therefore improving ones quality of life.The human body is like any other system in nature. If we dont have ways to vent our stress from everyday life through activities that are pleasurable, we will start to experience the negative side effects of stress. Final Thoughts My thoughts on the subject of leisure, recreation, an d play before this paper could not be further from where my thoughts are now. I feel that too much emphasis is placed on unimportant things today. Society, more so than ever, has gotten into the habit of treating the symptoms of people, instead of treating the individual.I feel that having a better understanding of the concepts of recreation, leisure, and play and the role they play in your life will at long last lead to a happier and hopefully longer life. Refrences Braaf, E. (2003). Why animals love to play. Retrieved September 20, 2006, from Find Articles Website http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa4128/ is_200311/ai_n9307508/pg_1 Caillois, R. (1958). Man, play and games. Glencoe, IL The Free press. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow The Psychology of optimal Experience. New York, NY. Harper and Row. Fairchild, H. (1944).Dictionary of sociology (pp. 251-252). New York, NY Philosophical Library. Godbey, G. (2003). Leisure in your life An exploration. State College, PA V enture Publishing. Gray, D. and Greben, S. (1974, July). Future Perspectives. Parks and recreation, 61, 49 Hiuzinga, J. (1950). valet de chambre ludens A study of the play element in culture. Boston, MA Beacon Press Martin, A. (1975, March). Leisure and our inner resources. Parks and Recreation, 69. 1-16 Neulinger, J. (1974). The psychology of leisure Research approaches to the study of leisure. Springfield, IL Charles Thomas Publishers.

Using Satire to Create Awareness of Gender Roles: Egalia’s Daughters

Egalias Daughters and sultanas DreamEgalias Daughters and Sultanas Dream both portray examples of what it would be like to open gender roles reversed in societies. They both criticize gender roles and show mass how gender discrimination leaves the submissive gender in suppressed conditions. Poking fun at gender role reversal was whizz steering these books helped in educating the readers. Sultanas Dream has a time of setting of the early twentieth century. The author of Egalias Daughters is Gerd Brantenberg, innate(p) on October 27th, 1941 and is presently still a recognize.She was natural in Oslo but grew up in Fredrikstad which is the largest city in Nor guidance. Some of her greatest accomplish workforcets are establishing wo mens shelters, working in lesbian movements, in 1978 she created a literary Womens Forum, her drive being to encourage wholly women to write and publish, and lastly she has also published ten novels and two plays. In 1983 she was awarded the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment. Rokeya Hossain was born in 1880 and died on December 9th, 1932. She was born into a Bengali Muslim upper-class family in the village of Pairaband.Her main accomplishments were establishing the Sakhawat Memorial Girls School in 1909, in 1916 she founded the Anjuman-e-Khawatin-e-Islam, and even though English was her 5th language she still wrote a book in English to show her proficiency in English to her husband. In Gerd Brantenbergs novel she clearly shows that in her society women were put on the back burner just like the men were in her novel. Gerd was born back when women had really little rights. She lived during a time where women were stepping up and rallying against the fact that they were not allowed certain rights that men were allowed and this showed in her book.For example in Egalias Daughters the guys or the menwim have the burning of the pehos along with other masculist activities. 1 In Rokeya Hossains short yarn she is trying to relate to her reade rs about the inequality of her society and the dominance of one gender over another. In ladyland men are a part of the society but are shorn of power, as women were in Rokeyas India. They live in seclusion and look aft(prenominal) the house and the children, again, just like the women in Rokeyas India. 2 Her society must have had a fold of sins and hatred along with harm because in the short story it says this is Ladyland, free from sin and harm.3 In Sultanas Dream women became dominant allele when men failed to win the war against a nearby country. The women then became the dominant gender by using science and advanced technology to then win the war. At first they were taunted for being smart and into science instead of being focused on military strength like the men. In the end it paid send off being smart because they directed all of the rays of the sunlight and heat toward the enemy. The heat and light were too much for them to bear. They all ran away panic-stricken, not kno wing in their bewilderment how to counteract the scorching heat.4 This was a major turning point in the story because at that moment the men thought that on that point was no hope for their country which is why they went into the zenanas without protest and were locked in. The men then remained in seclusion and got used to the purdah system.4 The women then tower over the country and controlled all social matters. 5 Since that point there had been no more crime or sin and that is how it remained.5 In Egalias Daughters women being the dominant gender went a little differently. The women in this novel govern from the beginning. There was never a time in their culture that males ruled before the females.Spinnerman Owlmoss explained to the boys that the menstrual cycle in wom was precisely what bound the huwom race to life, to personalitys own great cycle and to the phases of the moon. By virtue of this infinitely recurring rhythm in her body, she was bound in a very different way, to nature, and this contact with her natural surroundings gave her an inner power and strength, which allowed her to dominate nature and the environment. In the same way that she dominated her own body by releasing an egg once a month. Wim therefore had greater control over everything over their own bodies, over the cultivation of the soil, and over the world.6 Therefore, the wim were in charge from the very beginning. In Sultanas Dream womens trust was based on love and truth. 7 The women say we dont take pleasure in killing a creature of god, especially a human being. 7 They believe this works because unlike the men who were violent and fought in the war, they used science to win without hurting anyone. As out-of-the-way(prenominal) as biology goes, basically the women explained their power over the men because of the simple fact that they were smarter and that womens brains are rather quicker than mens. They pretty much verbalise men are good for nothing.All of that together w as their argument for why they were biologically better. In the novel, Sister Sarah explains why women are smarter than the males. She says our good fairy wish science very much. She circulated an line of battle that all the women in her country should be educated. Accordingly a number of girls schools were founded and supported by the Government. Education was spread far and wide among women. And early marriage also stopped. This is her explanation of why the women are so much smarter than men and now are the dominant race. Religion in Egalias Daughters is quite different.In this novel, God is a wim instead of a manwim. Donna, who is wim and also Gods daughter who is like Jesus for Egalia, and they are the ones all Egalia are supposed to look up to. The undercoat wim in Egalia are more biologically dominant is because they bear the children and have the menstrual cycles. For some reason the people of Egalia felt that since they had a monthly natural cycle it connected them to n ature and made them powerful, more powerful than any man. This in their thoughts made them the dominant gender as if they were the chosen ones.As far as history goes Spinnerman Owlmoss taught his class the history of the wim. Like we in our society have fore fathers they had a version of those except they were women. Those women created rules and regulations for Egalia that were always followed. In Ladyland the men and the women both had very different telephone circuits. The men do no skilled work and they look after the house and children. 2 They mind babies, cook, and do all sorts of domestic work. 2 The women in Ladyland embroider engage in scientific researches and garden.Sister Sarah says that our noble Queen is exceedingly fond of botany it is her ambition to convert the whole country into one grand garden. 5 Therefore, they are never sitting still and unceasingly gardening and such. In the town of Egalsund, the wim and menwim had very different jobs. The menwim do nothing but sit at home and take care of their children. Once they mystify fatherhood protection from the wim, they are to stay home and raise the children while the wim goes to work and does as she pleases.8 The wim of course, do all the things a man would do in our society now.They were sailors too. Menwim were never sailors and hardly allowed to be either because the wim said theyre always trouble They never leave the us in stillness and therell be strife and quarrelling and jealousy in the crew. 9 The wim also hold government positions and hunt as well. In both the short story and novel the womens jobs were viewed as more important even though staying home and taking care of the kids was a really big and important job as well. It was just not viewed that way by the women. In both Egalias Daughters and Sultanas Dream the women/wim were very happy.They were at the top of the pecking order and they liked it that way. Women/wim ruled and things happened as they wanted it to, not the other way around. On the other hand, the men/menwim were by any means happy with their lives. The men in Sultanas Dream at first protested. The men wanted to be free, but Her Royal Highness told them if their services were ever infallible they would be sent for, so therefore, they should remain where they were. After that they slowly became accustom to the purdah system. 4 In Egalias Daughters at first they were accustom to the way things were.Then later on in the book, the menwim began to protest. They give speeches, burn pehos, and strip down at the menstrual games out of chicken costumes as a way of protesting.10 Women have always been suppressed throughout history, constantly having to fight for their rights. Women in history have always been taken advantage of and also been satisfactory to be rough housed a lot easier than men because of their gentle nature. Therefore, these fictional books are related in the sense that in these books, the mens roles are actually what womens roles have been all along throughout history.Women are the ones that have always been raped and beaten but in the novel Egalias Daughters the boys are actually the ones that are terrorized. Is satire an effective way of drawing attention to gender inequality? Yes, it is because it makes things appear even more ridiculous which in turn makes it more entertaining to read. For example if both books had it where womens and mens roles were normal, the books would have been boring and lacked in attention grabbers. But since it was a comical setting, it makes you immediately more interested and it puts a twist on things so that it captures your attention. . Brantenberg, Gerd. Egalias Daughters A jeering of the Sexes, translated by Louis Mackay. (California Seal Press, 1977), 218.2. Jahan, Roshan. Sultanas Dream Purdah Revisited, in Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Sultanas Dream and Selections from the mysterious Ones. redact and translated by Roushan Jahan. (New York The Feminist Press, 1988), 4. 3. Jahan, Roshan. Sultanas Dream Purdah Revisited, in Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Sultanas Dream and Selections from the Secluded Ones. Edited and translated by Roushan Jahan. (New York The Feminist Press, 1988), 8. 4.Jahan, Roshan. Sultanas Dream Purdah Revisited, in Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Sultanas Dream and Selections from the Secluded Ones. Edited and translated by Roushan Jahan. (New York The Feminist Press, 1988), 14. 5. Jahan, Roshan. Sultanas Dream Purdah Revisited, in Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Sultanas Dream and Selections from the Secluded Ones. Edited and translated by Roushan Jahan. (New York The Feminist Press, 1988), 15. 6. Brantenberg, Gerd. Egalias Daughters A Satire of the Sexes, translated by Louis Mackay. (California Seal Press, 1977), 168. 7. Jahan, Roshan. Sultanas Dream Purdah Revisited, in Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Sultanas Dream and Selections from the Secluded Ones. Edited and translated by Roushan Jahan. (New York The Feminist Press, 1988), 16. 8. Brantenberg, Gerd. Egalias Daughters A Satire of the Sexes, translated by Louis Mackay. (California Seal Press, 1977), 37. 9. Brantenberg, Gerd. Egalias Daughters A Satire of the Sexes, translated by Louis Mackay. (California Seal Press, 1977), 72. 10. Brantenberg, Gerd. Egalias Daughters A Satire of the Sexes, translated by Louis Mackay. (California Seal Press, 1977), 251.

A Gathering Of Old Men: Importance Of Standing Up For Oneself

If you throw down yesterday, stand up today. This quote by H. G. Wells is seen in the story A Gathering of octogenarian(a) Men. The novel, taking place in the 1970s, was in a tap out in which African-Americans until now suffered heavy discrimination. After historic period of taking this abuse, when an incident comes in which a unobjectionable public lays unfounded at the hands of a black man, which would lastly call for a lynching, the discriminated unite. They show that despite their tortured past, they still get their bra actually, office staff, and pride.This dramatic novel by Ernest J. Gaines, A Gathering of Old Men, written in a critical tone employs the use of personaization, flash gutss, and symbolism to express the base of operations that at that place comes a time one must stand up for him or herself. In the book, a character named Mathu is one who does not falter in up keeping his pride. From the very beginning, he never let any(prenominal)one insult him be cause of his African-American heritage. He always stands up for himself, even facing a white man, and never faltered, even when he was sent to jail.Because of this attitude, Mathu was respected even by near white manpower like Mapes who knowed Mathu had never backed down from anybody, either. perchance thats why he liked him (Gaines 84). Mathu was like a strong rock, the attempts of others at making him submit were but pebbles against his everywherepowering pride and dignity. A character that Mathu attempted to instill some lessons on becoming a man was Charlie. Charlie, despite his mild character was a large man towering at 6feet 7inches and weighing 275 pounds.Beau Boutan, Charlies headman and some others often ridiculed him with names like Big Charlie and nigger boy because of his mild character (Gaines 187). Charlie however, later observing Mathus strong pride and refusal to let anyone step over that pride, eventually gained some bravery to stand up for himself. After he killed Beau and ran away, he came back and was ready to atone for his deed. Gaines utilise this event in the novel to show that even though people might be insulted and suppress down, they can still gain enough courage to stand up for themselves.When Charlie did stand up for himself, and became, in his eyes, a man, that eventually led to his death. Gainess killing off of Charlie afterward he started rest up for himself was alluding to the intellect that when people make a stand, they must be careful not to overdo it, like Charlie did, or there might be uncompli mentary results. Another character of interest is sweeten. Candy is the owner of the place in which all the hands gather, and the organizer of the gathering. At first, Candy seems to be genuinely hard put close to the people in Marshall, saying No I wont let them harm my people I will protect my people. (Gaines 19).However, as the story progresses Gaines shows that Candys motives may not invite been as good-natured as firstly suggested. Its eventually revealed she does not care frequently for the other custody gathered in Mathus yard, but only for Mathu himself. While she showed little emotion when the other men were called up to Mapes and hit, she was quick to move when Mathu was called. Gaines besides showed Candys true nature in the event when Clatoo wanted to talk to the men inside Mathus house, without Candy.At this point, Candy threatened to have all the men who followed Clatoo kicked out of the Marshall place, their only home. Gaines portrayed Candy in this way to show in this time, the idea of oppressing people still existed in the minds of even those who seemed good-natured. Finally, Gaines creates a complex character out of Mapes. Mapes is a character who experiences a change during the story. When he first arrives at the site of Beaus death, and the gathering of the old men, he acts with the same lookout of the Cajuns in that time.His first response to the scene is violence. H e attempts to gain learning from the old men by hitting them. Eventually, when he realizes violence will produce no results, he lets them tell their stories. The prominent change in Mapes is shown at the time Luke entrust and his mob arrive with the intent of hanging Beaus killer. Mapes attempts to protect Charlie and the rest of the men, saying Go home, Luke Will after Luke Will demanded he hands Charlie over to him (Gaines 195).When Luke Will ignored Mapes and started a shoot out in the midst of his crew and the old men, Mapes resigned control of the situation to the old men and Charlie. Gaines apply this to show that the mindset of people can change for the better. In the instance that Mapes trusted the old men and Charlie with the situation, he recognized them not as people of a lesser racer, but respectable and trustable men, showing that old mens attempt at standing(a) for themselves was able to change a man.Gaines also employs the use of flashbacks in the novel. The main role the flashbacks play is to show the hardships and discrimination the African-Americans faced in that time. When Uncle Billy, one of the old men who gathered to in the long run stand up for himself after many years, was asked by Mapes the sheriff his reason for killing Beau, as all the old men claimed to have killed Beau, he recalled an event that happened years before. What they did to my boy The way they beat him.They beat him till they beat him crazy (Gaines 80). Gaines introduced this flashback to show the brutality suffered by the blacks at that time, and that it spared no one, not even a child. Another flashback was by insurgent capital of Minnesota, who remembered back to a time when they had all lived as a community, till Beau and his tractor came to plow it all up. Johnny Paul was referring to this time when he busted Mapes by saying But you still tire outt see. Yes, sir, what you see is the weeds, but you dont see what we dont see. (Gaines 89).Johnny Paul was lec ture about how the weeds and rotting houses had replaced what was once a place of happiness, and brotherhood among the black families living there. Gaines uses this flashback to show what was taken from the African-Americans in the novel, to better explain their collect to stand up for themselves. run down, one of the old men, goes into a flashback of his own. He remembers a time his brother and two mules, beat a white man and a tractor. The white man and his friends however said Tuckers brother had cheated, and beat him with canes.Gaines adds this flashback to portray the obvious distinction between whites and blacks in that time. African-Americans were thought to be less of people than the Cajuns, so for this lesser person, Tuckers brother Silas, to beat the supposedly superior white man was unthinkable. Like Tucker said, and because he didnt lose like a nigger is supposed to lose, they beat him (Gaines 97). In that situation a scared Tucker didnt stand up for his brother, and t hey beat him to his death.Gaines uses this flashback to show the results of the old men being walked over by the Cajuns, and doing nothing about it. Gable also reminisces about his unfortunate past. He remembers the Cajuns sentencing his sixteen year old son to the galvanizing chair, on the watchword of a poor white trash (Gaines 101). He remembers the stolidness the Cajuns displayed in killing his son, ceremony his death, and leaving as though it was a card game (102). Through this flashback, Gaines shows again how the cruelty of the Cajuns didnt spare any ages.He also shows how little the word of a black man counted over that of a white man or woman. When his son was being sent to electric chair, Gable couldnt do anything but beg the Cajuns. Gaines then ties this back to the importance of the men standing up to their tormentors, hinting such events could possibly have been avoided if they had stood up to their oppressors. Finally, Gaines utilizes symbolism in his novel to expr ess the theme. Throughout the novel, a constant symbol that repeatedly came up was the tractor.The tractor was what Beau Boutan was riding when he came after Charlie. The tractor was also what drove many of the African-Americans on the plantation out of work and away from their homes. Finally, the tractor was what the Cajun, Felix Boutan, rode when he was beat by Tuckers brother, Silas, which led to Silas being beat to death. The tractor symbolizes one of the main tortures of the African-American community in Marshall. It drove them out of work, drove them out of their homes, and eventually led to their death, in the case of Charlie and Silas.Gaines added the tractor and all it symbolized to be another motivator to the old men to make a stand. Another symbol was the shotguns that the old men had. The shotguns empty shells in the beginning symbolized the weakness and ineffectiveness the old men had at the start of the story. In letting themselves to be walked over, and offering no re sistance, they were as useless as the shotguns with empty shells they held in their hands. However, as the story progressed, when it came time to fight, the men had fully loaded shells and were ready for war.This symbolizes the change they went through. From being old useless men with no impact, they were able to make a difference, and have an impact. By standing up for themselves, they displayed their power and pride, which eventually even affected Luke Will, who looked worried, real worried when he realized their conviction (Gaines 205). Concluding, with the use of characterization, flashbacks, and symbolism, Ernest J. Gaines show the theme that there comes a time one must stand up for him or herself throughout the book.This theme was expressed through the characters Mathu, who always stood up for himself, Charlie, who learned to, and Candy and Mapes who were characters that were a motivator to the old men standing up for themselves. Gaines used the flashbacks to better portray t he importance of the African-Americans in the area standing up for themselves, and he used symbolism to show one of the major torments of the people, and the change the old men went through. By standing up for themselves, the old men not only displayed their power and pride, but also seized hold of their future for themselves and their generations to come.A Gathering of Old Men Importance of standing up for oneselfIf you fell down yesterday, stand up today. This quote by H. G. Wells is seen in the novel A Gathering of Old Men. The novel, taking place in the 1970s, was in a time in which African-Americans still suffered heavy discrimination. After years of taking this abuse, when an incident comes in which a white man lays dead at the hands of a black man, which would eventually call for a lynching, the discriminated unite. They show that despite their tortured past, they still possess their bravery, power, and pride.This dramatic novel by Ernest J. Gaines, A Gathering of Old Men, wr itten in a critical tone employs the use of characterization, flashbacks, and symbolism to express the theme that there comes a time one must stand up for him or herself. In the book, a character named Mathu is one who does not falter in up keeping his pride. From the very beginning, he never let anyone insult him because of his African-American heritage. He always stands up for himself, even facing a white man, and never faltered, even when he was sent to jail.Because of this attitude, Mathu was respected even by some white men like Mapes who knowed Mathu had never backed down from anybody, either. Maybe thats why he liked him (Gaines 84). Mathu was like a strong rock, the attempts of others at making him submit were but pebbles against his overpowering pride and dignity. A character that Mathu attempted to instill some lessons on becoming a man was Charlie. Charlie, despite his mild character was a large man towering at 6feet 7inches and weighing 275 pounds.Beau Boutan, Charlies b oss and some others often ridiculed him with names like Big Charlie and nigger boy because of his mild character (Gaines 187). Charlie however, after observing Mathus strong pride and refusal to let anyone step over that pride, eventually gained some courage to stand up for himself. After he killed Beau and ran away, he came back and was ready to atone for his deed. Gaines used this event in the novel to show that even though people might be insulted and beat down, they can still gain enough courage to stand up for themselves.When Charlie did stand up for himself, and became, in his eyes, a man, that eventually led to his death. Gainess killing off of Charlie after he started standing up for himself was alluding to the idea that when people make a stand, they must be careful not to overdo it, like Charlie did, or there might be unfavorable results. Another character of interest is Candy. Candy is the owner of the place in which all the men gather, and the organizer of the gathering. At first, Candy seems to be genuinely worried about the people in Marshall, saying No I wont let them harm my people I will protect my people. (Gaines 19).However, as the story progresses Gaines shows that Candys motives may not have been as good-natured as firstly suggested. Its eventually revealed she does not care much for the other men gathered in Mathus yard, but only for Mathu himself. While she showed little emotion when the other men were called up to Mapes and hit, she was quick to react when Mathu was called. Gaines also showed Candys true nature in the event when Clatoo wanted to talk to the men inside Mathus house, without Candy.At this point, Candy threatened to have all the men who followed Clatoo kicked out of the Marshall place, their only home. Gaines portrayed Candy in this way to show in this time, the idea of oppressing people still existed in the minds of even those who seemed good-natured. Finally, Gaines creates a complex character out of Mapes. Mapes is a ch aracter who experiences a change during the story. When he first arrives at the site of Beaus death, and the gathering of the old men, he acts with the same mindset of the Cajuns in that time.His first response to the scene is violence. He attempts to gain information from the old men by hitting them. Eventually, when he realizes violence will produce no results, he lets them tell their stories. The prominent change in Mapes is shown at the time Luke Will and his crew arrive with the intent of hanging Beaus killer. Mapes attempts to protect Charlie and the rest of the men, saying Go home, Luke Will after Luke Will demanded he hands Charlie over to him (Gaines 195).When Luke Will ignored Mapes and started a shoot out between his crew and the old men, Mapes resigned control of the situation to the old men and Charlie. Gaines used this to show that the mindset of people can change for the better. In the instance that Mapes trusted the old men and Charlie with the situation, he recogniz ed them not as people of a lesser racer, but respectable and trustable men, showing that old mens attempt at standing for themselves was able to change a man.Gaines also employs the use of flashbacks in the novel. The main role the flashbacks play is to show the hardships and discrimination the African-Americans faced in that time. When Uncle Billy, one of the old men who gathered to finally stand up for himself after many years, was asked by Mapes the sheriff his reason for killing Beau, as all the old men claimed to have killed Beau, he recalled an event that happened years before. What they did to my boy The way they beat him.They beat him till they beat him crazy (Gaines 80). Gaines introduced this flashback to show the brutality suffered by the blacks at that time, and that it spared no one, not even a child. Another flashback was by Johnny Paul, who remembered back to a time when they had all lived as a community, till Beau and his tractor came to plow it all up. Johnny Paul w as referring to this time when he confused Mapes by saying But you still dont see. Yes, sir, what you see is the weeds, but you dont see what we dont see. (Gaines 89).Johnny Paul was talking about how the weeds and rotting houses had replaced what was once a place of happiness, and brotherhood among the black families living there. Gaines uses this flashback to show what was taken from the African-Americans in the novel, to better explain their need to stand up for themselves. Tucker, one of the old men, goes into a flashback of his own. He remembers a time his brother and two mules, beat a white man and a tractor. The white man and his friends however said Tuckers brother had cheated, and beat him with canes.Gaines adds this flashback to portray the obvious distinction between whites and blacks in that time. African-Americans were thought to be less of people than the Cajuns, so for this lesser person, Tuckers brother Silas, to beat the supposedly superior white man was unthinkabl e. Like Tucker said, and because he didnt lose like a nigger is supposed to lose, they beat him (Gaines 97). In that situation a scared Tucker didnt stand up for his brother, and they beat him to his death.Gaines uses this flashback to show the results of the old men being walked over by the Cajuns, and doing nothing about it. Gable also reminisces about his unfortunate past. He remembers the Cajuns sentencing his sixteen year old son to the electric chair, on the word of a poor white trash (Gaines 101). He remembers the indifference the Cajuns displayed in killing his son, watching his death, and leaving as though it was a card game (102). Through this flashback, Gaines shows again how the cruelty of the Cajuns didnt spare any ages.He also shows how little the word of a black man counted over that of a white man or woman. When his son was being sent to electric chair, Gable couldnt do anything but beg the Cajuns. Gaines then ties this back to the importance of the men standing up t o their tormentors, hinting such events could possibly have been avoided if they had stood up to their oppressors. Finally, Gaines utilizes symbolism in his novel to express the theme. Throughout the novel, a constant symbol that repeatedly came up was the tractor.The tractor was what Beau Boutan was riding when he came after Charlie. The tractor was also what drove many of the African-Americans on the plantation out of work and away from their homes. Finally, the tractor was what the Cajun, Felix Boutan, rode when he was beat by Tuckers brother, Silas, which led to Silas being beat to death. The tractor symbolizes one of the main tortures of the African-American community in Marshall. It drove them out of work, drove them out of their homes, and eventually led to their death, in the case of Charlie and Silas.Gaines added the tractor and all it symbolized to be another motivator to the old men to make a stand. Another symbol was the shotguns that the old men had. The shotguns empty shells in the beginning symbolized the weakness and ineffectiveness the old men had at the start of the story. In letting themselves to be walked over, and offering no resistance, they were as useless as the shotguns with empty shells they held in their hands. However, as the story progressed, when it came time to fight, the men had fully loaded shells and were ready for war.This symbolizes the change they went through. From being old useless men with no impact, they were able to make a difference, and have an impact. By standing up for themselves, they displayed their power and pride, which eventually even affected Luke Will, who looked worried, real worried when he realized their conviction (Gaines 205). Concluding, with the use of characterization, flashbacks, and symbolism, Ernest J. Gaines expressed the theme that there comes a time one must stand up for him or herself throughout the book.This theme was expressed through the characters Mathu, who always stood up for himself, Ch arlie, who learned to, and Candy and Mapes who were characters that were a motivator to the old men standing up for themselves. Gaines used the flashbacks to better portray the importance of the African-Americans in the area standing up for themselves, and he used symbolism to show one of the major torments of the people, and the change the old men went through. By standing up for themselves, the old men not only displayed their power and pride, but also seized hold of their future for themselves and their generations to come.

Obesity In Children And Adolescence Essay

Obesity in children and adolescence has become a major discipline throughout the States. Parents do not realize the health problems that their children have or will acquire later on in life. Obesity is a colossal health issue, although it back end be avoided by children becoming more active, changing their diet, or even taking outside(a) their telly games. Children do not survive any better, therefore, when parents over indulge them eating large amounts becomes a learned behavior leading to obesity. Parents should encourage their child(ren) to become active as one of the shipway to avoid obesity. Signing their children up to play in local sports leagues that their community may have such as t-ball and wee-ball for smaller kids or soccer, baseball, and basketball for aged(a) kids is a great way to keep them active. These sports are seasonal, which may help the child not feel overwhelmed with so much at once, then again being seasonal will help keep the child active all year a round.Extra-curricular activities are a great way to keep aged(a) kids or teens active. High schools all over the country participate in track, cross-country, volleyball, swimming, even dance teams. Being active and working(a) on physical fitness are just a few ideas to keep your bodys metabolism high and avoid obesity. A childs diet has a massive impact on their weight, therefore maintaining a healthy eating routine will also prevent obesity. Although now a days Americas nuclear family has developed into a single parent family, the parent cannot slack off. Time is very limited but is not an excuse to recount the children Hey kids well grab some McDonalds on the way Even as a single parent there is still time to sit down and throw a menu with better nutrition choices. Since the kids are at school all week that just means the menu only has to be for eat and dinner except on the weekends and days off. Taking time for the childs eating routine is necessary and could save worry a nd struggles later on. have less fast food will definitely cut calories and over indulging, drinking more water, juice, and less soda will help as well. painting games Children and teens absolutely love their video games, but are they playing on them too much? Video games encourage plenty of inside time, take away from the child running around and getting dirty because of eating a mud pie, and the child develops bad eating habits. By taking away the video game for a few hours you could go outside and run through the sprinkler in the summertime, or rake leaves in the fall. Going to the park could also be an alternative for the video games.Some chores would be helpful, having the child active to earn some Xbox or game time is an idea. It is surprising to think that burning calories and working out by just doing a little bit of cleaning around the house actually helps. Obesity is a huge health issue, although it can be avoided by children becoming more active, changing their diet, or even taking away their video games. These three solutions are just some food for thought, there are plenty more ideas and fun ways to stay away from the big issue obesity. Children cannot avoid it on their own, it all starts at home. As a parent take charge and guide your child through a healthy life and lifestyle.

Annotated Bibliography Essay

Juleen K. Buser, Journal of Multi heathenish Counseling and schooling 37.2 (April 2009) 94-104 This hold is a great oblige that relates to Afri rat Americans seeking rational health treatment at land rates than whites. The article states that this disparity can be attributed to attitudes toward services, alternate coping, and differences in c ar. This article also illuminates biases in counseling. Snowden, Lonnie R, Barriers to Effective Mental Health Services for African Americans, Vol. 3, Issue 4, 181-187 (Dec. 2001). Social Services and Welfare, Psychology This article states that many an(prenominal) African Americans do non seek proper mental health care. It states that the ones that do slackly drop out. The article attempts to define the causes and the effects that would dish out alleviate this problem. McField, Edward, Culture, acculturation, and well-disposed capital Latinos and use of mental health services. Loma Linda University, 2010. 3405317 This article states t hat Latinos suffer from the same mental disorders as others, but when they do, they receive less than received care.The article gives the results of studies that state that state that there is an association between acculturation, models of illness, stigma, need, and mental health service use. Organista, Kurt C. radical Model for Latinos in Need of Social Work Services, Social Work, 54.4, (Oct 2009). 297-305 This article is wonderful in that it gives round of the best pragmatic models and concepts in the cultural competence literature. This article states vogues in which to enhance cultural sensitivity, as well as increasing awareness of the Latino experience and understanding of problem patterns in their historical, social, and cultural contexts. Borup, J. (1999, May/June). Foundations of social name do with lesbian and gay. Families in Society, 80.3, 308-309.Describes a foundation for help gay and lesbians for the human services cultivateer. When helping or acetifying wit h a psyche who is gay or lesbian it is great to provoke knowledge of professional literature,experiences from professional peers, memoir, and the actual case training. It is also important to remember the family history, for this characterizes and confronts any myths associated with this particular lifestyle. The lack of social condense and homophobia can create consequences to those who are not accepting of this community. The author is educating students about the knowledge and facts on working with the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community and the most important is the principle of ethics for social workers. Cavet, J. (2000, Oct).Children and young people with a hidden disability and examination of the social work percentage. British Journal of Social Work, 30.5, 619. The recent study described that children and young people with hidden and deterioration received a social work service which was at a minimal level. It is recognized that the level of social ser vices intervention available to these families may be a reflection of a humbled priority assigned to disabled children. A change in priorities is needed which recognizes the importance of knowledgeable support to disabled children as a means of improving their environment and reducing families stress levels and the likelihood of squall or rejection.Copeland, C.A. (2011, January/February). School librarians of the 21st century using resources and assistive technologies to support students differences and abilities. Knowledge Quest, 39.3, 64-69.This article describes the many ways librarians can help differently abled children realize they are special. And by librarians having all the resources (informational and technical) they can march on help these differently abled children understand how truly especially able they are. It opens their eyes to their own gifts and abilities and this helps the librarians these abilities to develop the information literacy skills and multi-literac ies necessary for lifelong learning. The National Center for Education Statistics shows that approximately one in seven students have one or much characteristics society defines as a disability. Technologies can be selected and so they can best meet the needs of the students who are differently abled.Donahue, P. (2005, July-September). Current perspective and future directionsfor social work practice and research. Families in Society, 86.3, 359-366. This article describes the aging gay and lesbian community. Past research of this community rivet more on the gay White man, well-educated, active in the gay community and high socioeconomic backgrounds. This study examines current roles of social work regarding research with older gay men and lesbians and presents recommendations for both practice and research in the years ahead. Not only is this community of sexism, they are also victims of ageism. Future work must(prenominal) strive to be more representative of older lesbians, geog raphic diversity, and classes because these variables play an important role in shaping the gay aging experience.Bell-Tolliver, L., Burgess, R., & Brock, L. J. (2009). African American therapists working with African American families An geographic expedition of the strengths perspective in treatment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(3), 293-307. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/220979644?accountid=35812 When working with African Americans and Native Americans human service workers must consider important factors. When doing a study researches found 5 strengths that African Americans showed. They have strong chemical attraction bonds, strong work orientation, adaptability of family roles, strong achievement orientation, and strong religious orientation.African American family is defined as an intimate association of persons of African descent who are related to one another by a variety of means, including blood, marriage, formal adoption, informal adoptio n, or by appropriation sustained by a history of common residence in America and deeply embedded in a network of social structures both internal to and external to itself (Bell, 2009). Waites, C. (2009). Building on strengths Intergenerational practice with African American families. Social Work, 54(3), 278-87. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/215269004?accountid=35812 These families are diverse groups of people with their own ideas, opinions, and values. African American families have strengths, and that the use of those strengths within the therapeutic background knowledge can lead to successful outcomes.We also believe that understanding the strengths of African American families can help mental health professionals develop successful treatment outcomes for families. It is critical that professionals gain an understanding of how these strengths impact the carrying out of the African American family to empower families who are struggling. When helping this group we should focuson their strengths and not their weaknesses (Waites, 2009). Michael, T. G., & Eugene, F. P. (2000). red as an apple Native American acculturation and counseling with or without reservation. Journal of Counseling and Development JCD, 78(1), 3-13. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/219014436?accountid=35812 The United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (1988) legally defines Native American as a person who is an enrolled or registered member of a tribe or whose blood quantum is one fourth or more genealogically derived from Native American ancestry.When working with Native Americans one must remember that they are in truth religious and hold traditional values and beliefs. They practice only traditional tribal customs and methods of worship. heretofore some Native Americans may be more willing in the practices of other cultures. That is why the counselor must not make assumptions without gathering further information (F.P, 2000). Kathleen, A. E. (2000). Cou nseling with Native American Indians and Alaska Natives. Families in Society, 81(5), 543-543. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/230163172?accountid=35812 Culturally based treatments may be needed. This group can be offended very intimately and the counselor must be careful not to overbear (A.E, 2000). Latino-Kuglin, M. (2009).Latino outreach. Children & Libraries, 7(3), 42-46. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/212161869?accountid=35812 Its a way to celebrate Latino heritage, literacy, and families coming together at the library, said Watts. She said Da celebrations at HCL have two goals. The first is to celebrate the heritage of the community that we see already. Weve got libraries that have large Spanish- public speaking populations that actively use the library, so this is a way to celebrate and acknowledge the community that is already there. nonattender Therapist Racial/ethnic Disparities in Client Unilateral http//psycnet.apa.org. N.p.In the pres ent study, the authors examined the source of racial/ethnic minority disparities in unilateral termination form of dropout that is associated with poor alliance and outcome. First, the authors must be tested whether some therapists were more likely to have clients who reported unilaterally terminating as compared with other therapists. Next, the authors examined 2 competing hypotheses regarding the therapists role intermination disparities (a) that racial/ethnic disparities in unilateral termination are homogeneous across therapists and thus due to other components of the treatment process or (b) that racial/ethnic disparities in unilateral termination are specific to therapists, where some therapists are more likely, on average, to have high rates of unilateral termination with REM clients as compared with white clients.

The End of Osama bin Laden

Ever since the twin towers of World slyness Center collapsed in New York on September 11, 2001, United States of America was hot on the heels of Osama hive away Laden, the founder and main source of inspiration of al-Qaida, the organization acc economic consumptiond of carrying come out of the closet that heinous attack. Osama was considered as the fountainhead of completely terrorist activities across the piece and western powers were sparing no efforts to track this elusive leader. There were patchy a(prenominal) a(prenominal) reports of sightings of put in Laden but catching up on the worlds most ill-famed fugitive was becoming almost impossible.In fact, for quite whatever time, sightings of lay in Laden had become a joke, almost similar to the sightings of UFOs (Schabner, 2011). But on May 1, 2011, nearly a full decade subsequently the dastardly destruction of twin towers, the chairman of United States of America declared that bin Laden was set in a fortress like house in Abbottabad, a garrison town in Pakistan, and killed in a commando operation. This operation had all the makings of a movie thriller and seemed fascinating in its use of latest technology and show of extreme personal endurance by the commandos.The whole operation was carried out by US personnel without any help from their Pakistani counterparts and it was sheer cutting run into technology that hid their helicopters from the prying eyes of Pakistani radars. Pakistan array did not constitute the slightest inkling that US helicopters had violated their airspace and had ventured deep in their territory, picked out their target and decamped with his dead tree trunk. One of the helicopters malfunctioned during the operation and the commandos blew it up to interdict it from falling in Chinese hands.China, incidentally, is possibly the best friend of Pakistan which is gradually becoming isolated from world community of interests be acquire of its persistent dalliance with i nternational terrorism and using it as a state policy against its neighbors (Schabner, 2011). US President went to extent of lauding this incident as justice finally being meted out to a wicked and to prevent any possibilities of his burial site turning into more or less sort of pilgrimage site for his followers, his body was summarily buried in deep sea with the world having no idea as to where on the nose such burial was done.After the initial elation is everyplace, the entire incident throws up certain sort of unusual questions. The first of course is how Osama could hide in a garrison town without explicit intimacy of Pakistani army. The second and possibly even more than disturbing question that surfaces to the mind is when US Presidents public approval was at its lowest, some sort of gimmick was absolutely necessary to interference the down state of ward slide, especially as he is due to begin his campaign for reelection very soon (Schabner, 2011).So, was it a faux p as of extreme valor on the part US commandos and daring use of cutting edge technology, or was it a case of quid pro quo with Pakistani military establishment that handed all over Obama in exchange of some as yet unrevealed benefit? This is the question that seems to bother many mickle around the world, since if such an apprehension is proved correct, it would be another example of US deceit and extreme shortsightedness which it has exhibited time and again in world history and caused numerous crises across the world in foreign shores.Osama bin Laden eliminated justice done When US President Barack Obama came on television set on May 1, 2011 and declared justice has finally been done by eliminating Osama bin Laden in some far off garrison town in Pakistan, the world for an instant matte a surge of joy and relief at the destruction of that epitome of ruthless jihadist terrorism that took so many innocent lives and maimed numerous more unsuspecting peace loving citizens across the world.Really, the world felt that finally the long arm the law in a rather unique form had caught up with that man who ridiculed and taunted all tenets of civilized norms and killed people at allow all in the name of some ill defined religious cause. The gory photos of collapsing twin towers of New York on out television screens hike up added to our relief at the decease of the prime culprit who unleashed mayhem and senseless destruction without the slightest feeling of sorrow or guilt.Scenes of jubilant public bathed in the all consuming wave of instant patriotism thronging the provide of White House further bolstered the super power image of United States of America and American citizens all over the world felt relived and secure at the thought that now nobody can cause them any harm in any corner of the world as Uncle Sam would be all over to protect them from any sort of trouble or discomfort (Schabner, 2011). One question however repeatedly keeps disturbing the mind.Why d id the US Administration release a photo of the dead body of bin Laden and why did they bury his body in deep seas in almost a hypochondriacal haste? US Administration is of course ready with an explanation of their queer behavior. They did not release the snatch of bin Laden as that was too gory and they buried him in deep sea to prevent his burial site from becoming a pilgrimage site for his followers as has happened in the case of Saddam Hussein, the deposed and dead President of Iraq (Schabner, 2011).It cannot be denied that these explanations have their merit, but the world has seen genuinely gory war photographs before and it would have done no real harm in see one more such photograph. And, the US could have flown the dead body of bin Laden in United States, at least for a private viewing of the top brass of US military. That would have permanently located to rest all speculations that seemed to float around approximately the veracity of the operation and fall upon.Howe ver, the most disturbing do it that comes up is whether it was genuine effort by intelligence agencies of United States and a case of extreme courage by its commandos or it was some sort of trade off that US Administration had entered into with Pakistan. Obama needed some sort of a magic to revive his steadily flagging popularity graph as he is about to commence his reelection campaign within few months. Killing Osama bin Laden provided that perfect magic that he was so desperately looking for and he could pull it off by making a corporation with Pakistani military which handed Osama bin Laden to US in return for some undisclosed booty.If this has actually been the case then United States has actually boosted international terrorism instead of eradicating it substantially (Schabner, 2011). Osama bin Laden killed in a daring commando raid by US May 1, 2011 will surely be marked as a water systemshed day not only in the history of United States but also the whole world. It was on th is day that terror mastermind Osama bin Laden was eliminated by commandos of United States military.The world heaved a sigh of relief not only at the news that bin Laden would no longer be able to implement his nefarious plans of inflicting death and destruction on innocent civilian population across the world, but also in seeing the reaffirmation of the age old adage that good always wins over evil. This reaffirmation bolstered the sagging team spirit of millions of people across the world who had been hapless victims of mindless destruction unleashed by Osama and his henchmen. They once again raise their heads in firm conviction that evil, however venomous it might be, can never win over ood (Schabner, 2011).. Barack Obama, President of United States, could rightly have soaked in vicarious glory and valor of his commandos and could have strode the podium like a victorious Roman Emperor as he returned from a triumph with the head of the fallen king held high on a pike. But Obama did nothing of that and showed remarkable statement and composure on such a momentous occasion and he deserved full throated praise for it (Schabner, 2011). But several nagging issues fail to leave the mind. The first, quite obviously, is why did the US military not release a photograph of slain Osama bin Laden?The argument put in front by US that the photograph would have too gory really does not hold water as only a couple of years back Sri Lankan military displayed the body of slain guerrilla leader Prabhakaran with his head barely attached to his shoulder and that of his son with his head partially blown off. It was a commando raid, not a tea party, and such gore and blood is an integral part of such raids. So, the reluctance to publish any photograph of bin Laden raises a couple of other burry questions too.The first among those is, did Osama get killed in that commando raid or was he handed over by his protectors, the military establishment of Pakistan, to the US forces i n return for some undisclosed booty? The suspicion becomes stronger at conflicting details that kept on emanating from US Administration about the exact nature of combat that floored Osama. Initially it was said that he offered stiff resistance which was gradually changed to he was completely deprive and could hardly find time to offer any sort of resistance.US Administration tried to indite its face by saying that it was deliberately spreading confusing and conflicting information to baffle the adversary and it is a common ploy in times of war (Schabner, 2011).. But what enemy are these people talking about? Here was a man accompanied by a couple of his wives, children and grandchildren backup in a mansion that did not have any modern means of communication and that man has been killed. So, how enemies of United States would be kept at bay by spreading confusing information on the degree of resistance this man had put up before his death genuinely belies comprehension.